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n any emergency a family member or you yourself may be cut, burned or suffer other injuries. If you have these basic supplies you are better prepared to help your loved ones when they are hurt. Remember, many injuries are not life threatening and do not require immediate medical attention. Knowing how to treat minor injuries can make a difference in an emergency. Consider taking a first aid class, but simply having the following things can help you stop bleeding, prevent infection and assist in decontamination.

Things you should have:
Two pairs of Latex, or other sterile gloves (if you are allergic to Latex).
Sterile dressings to stop bleeding.
Cleansing agent/soap and antibiotic towelettes to disinfect.
Antibiotic ointment to prevent infection.
Burn ointment to prevent infection.
Adhesive bandages in a variety of sizes.
Eye wash solution to flush the eyes or as general decontaminant.
Thermometer
Prescription medications you take every day such as insulin, heart medicine and asthma inhalers. You should periodically rotate medicines to account for expiration dates.
Prescribed medical supplies such as glucose and blood pressure monitoring equipment and supplies.
Things it may be good to have:
Cell Phone
Scissors
Tweezers
Tube of petroleum jelly or other lubricant
Non-prescription drugs:
Aspirin or nonaspirin pain reliever
Anti-diarrhea medication
Antacid (for upset stomach)
Laxative
A well-stocked first-aid kit, kept within easy reach, is a necessity in every home. Having supplies gathered ahead of time will help you handle an emergency at a moment's notice. You should keep one first-aid kit in your home and one in each car. Also be sure to bring a first-aid kit on family vacations.

Choose containers for your kits that are roomy, durable, easy to carry, and simple to open. Plastic tackle boxes or containers for storing art supplies are ideal, since they're lightweight, have handles, and offer a lot of space.

Include the following in each of your first-aid kits:
first-aid manual
sterile gauze
adhesive tape
adhesive bandages in several sizes
elastic bandage
antiseptic wipes
soap
antibiotic cream (triple-antibiotic ointment)
antiseptic solution (like hydrogen peroxide)
hydrocortisone cream (1%)
acetaminophen and ibuprofen
extra prescription medications (if the family is going on vacation)
tweezers
sharp scissors
safety pins
disposable instant cold packs
calamine lotion
alcohol wipes or ethyl alcohol
thermometer
plastic gloves (at least 2 pairs)
flashlight and extra batteries
mouthpiece for administering CPR (can be obtained from your local Red Cross)
your list of emergency phone numbers
blanket (stored nearby)
After you've stocked your first-aid kits:
Read the entire first-aid manual so you'll understand how to use the contents of your kits. (If your children are old enough to understand, review the manuals with them as well.)
Store first-aid kits in places that are out of children's reach but easily accessible for adults.
Check the kits regularly. Replace missing items or medicines that may have expired.
Anatomy of a First Aid Kit
A well-stocked first aid kit is a handy thing to have. To be prepared for emergencies, keep a first aid kit in your home and in your automobile. Carry a first aid kit with you or know where you can find one when you are hiking, biking, camping or boating. Find out the location of first aid kits where you work.

First aid kits come in many shapes and sizes. You can buy one from a drug store, chapter may sell them, or you can make your own kit. Some kits are designed for special activities such as hiking, camping or boating. Whether you buy a first aid kit or put one together, make sure it has all the items you may need. Include any personal items, such as medications and emergency phone numbers, or other items your physician may suggest. Check the kit regularly. Make sure the flashlight batteries work. Check expiration dates and replace any used or out-of-date contents. The contents of a first aid kit can be dangerous in the hands of young children. Store your first aid kit in a secure place out of the reach of young children.

Here are suggestions for the contents of a first aid kit:

Activated Charcoal (use only if instructed by Poison Control Center)

Adhesive Tape

Antiseptic Ointment

Band-Aids (assorted sizes)

Blanket

Cold Pack

Disposable Gloves

Gauze Pads and Roller Gauze (assorted sizes)

Hand Cleaner

Plastic Bags

Scissors and Tweezers

Small Flashlight and Extra Batteries

Syrup of Ipecac (use only if instructed by Poison Control Center)

Triangular Bandage

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First-aid kit basics

A first-aid kit contains emergency supplies and medication for unexpected minor illnesses or accidents.

While it is vital for people who suffer from a chronic disease or condition to take their medication with them at all times, it is also a good idea for everyone to keep a first-aid kit in the home or car, or take one with them on holiday in case of emergencies.

If going abroad, talk to your doctor before leaving about arrangements for or special medication such as .

Although it is possible to buy additional items for your first aid kit when you are abroad, it is a good safeguard to purchase extra supplies and medication before your departure. Emergency situations occur unexpectedly and you may find yourself unable to obtain essential items just when you need them most.

Remember that medicines suitable for adults are not always suitable for children as well. Always read the label to check who can take the medicines in your first-aid kit, and at what dose.

Motion sickness

to prevent motion sickness caused by car, air or sea travel can be bought over the counter without prescription. If necessary, this should be taken before starting a journey.

Diarrhoea, irregular bowel movements or indigestion

It is a good idea to be prepared for . to treat it is available both on prescription or over the counter at your local pharmacy.

If diarrhoea or vomiting occur despite these precautions you will need to make sure the patient gets enough liquid. This is especially important where children are concerned.

Cola drinks are particularly helpful since they replace essential salt and sugar as well as provide a source of liquid, but a first-aid kit should also contain a rehydration medicine (a powder or large tablet that is dissolved in clean water, for example ) to prevent dehydration.

Many people get when travelling. A mild , available from a pharmacy, usually relieves most symptoms.

For people who suffer from indigestion or heartburn when eating spicy food, it is a good idea to keep a supply of preparation in the first-aid kit.

Pain relievers

Aspirin (eg ), paracetamol (eg ) or ibuprofen (eg ) can be bought over the counter. They come in different forms including soluble tablets, ordinary tablets or suppositories, and can relieve headache, muscle pain, toothache and period pain. Aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years of age, unless on the advice of a doctor.

Fever

Fever is most commonly caused by that cannot be treated with antibiotics. Even though antibiotics can be bought in some countries without a prescription, they should be avoided. If antibiotics are necessary, a GP should be consulted. A doctor will be able to prescribe the appropriate antibiotics or other medication.

Sunburn

A sunblock to be applied prior to exposure to the sun should always be included in a first-aid kit, along with cream and lotion for use after . The pharmacist should be consulted as to the appropriate screening (SPF-sun protection factor) level.

Insect bites

and soothing lotions such as are effective at controlling the itching of .

Cuts and grazes

The following items are all useful for treating minor cuts and grazes:

sticking plasters

cotton wool

safety pins

a gauze bandage and supportive bandages

antiseptic lotion or saline to clean wounds.

Do I need to take everything wherever I go?

There is no need to take everything with you. Indeed, a longer trip might require more supplies than a shorter one. Buy products in small sizes that fit easily into your luggage. Remember that all drugs have a 'use by' date and should be thrown away after they have expired.
First Aid Kit
An Educator's Reference Desk Lesson Plan

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Grade Level(s): 3, 4, 5, 6

Subject(s):

Health/Safety
Duration: 40 minutes

Description: This lesson plan teaches children about the contents of a First Aid Kit and each item's use.

Goals: The goal of this lesson is to have students demonstrate their ability to access valid health information and health promoting products. It will make students aware of how to deal with emergency situations and what products to use.

Objectives: Students will:

1. become more aware of the contents and uses of a First Aid Kit.
2. identify common items found in a First Aid Kit by working in small groups.
3. identify situations in which it is appropriate to use items in a First Aid Kit.

Materials: a number of First Aid Kits and a variety of other materials to use in the lesson (these will be used as fillers for one of the activities)

Procedure:

Trigger Activity:

Split students into groups of 4-6. Have them brainstorm items that they think they would find in a First Aid Kit. Then ask for some examples and write them on the board.

Main Activities:

Activity #1:
Introduce students to items in a First Aid Kit by actually showing them one. Run through the names of each item and what each item is used for.

Activity #2:
Have the students split back into their groups. You need a First Aid Kit for each group. Uncover a desk for each group, on it will be the contents of a First Aid Kit along with some other items. The students must sort through these materials and find all items that belong in a First Aid Kit and put them in the Kit.

Activity #3:
Now each group will identify each item's specific use. Each group will have a stack of note cards with scenarios on them. From these scenarios, they must decide which item(s) from their First Aid Kit they would use. They should place the item with the note card. Example: One of your friends cuts their leg and it begins to bleed. You need to help them clean the wound. What do you need to use, from the First Aid Kit, to protect yourself from the blood? Answer: Rubber Gloves

Closure:
Students will now look at their original list that they constructed during the Trigger Activity. Have the students compare and contrast their list to the actual contents of a First Aid Kit based on what they now know. This can be done through a class discussion.

Assessment:

1. Each group should compile a First Aid Kit. Teacher will walk around the room to evaluate each group.
2. Each group should correctly match the items in a First Aid Kit with their uses. Teacher will walk around the room to evaluate each group.
3. Each member of the class should contribute to the discussion. They should compare their original thoughts to what they learned. This will be based on teacher observations.

Be Prepared
Almost everyone will need to use a first aid kit at some time. Take the time to prepare a kit to have available for home and travel. First aid kits may be basic or comprehensive. What you need depends on your medical training and how far you are from professional medical help. Ready-made first aid kits are commercially available from chain stores or outdoor retailers. But you can make a simple and inexpensive first aid kit yourself.

First aid kits for travel need to be more comprehensive because a drug store may or may not be accessible. In addition to personal medical items, the kit should contain items to help alleviate the common symptoms of viral respiratory infections such as these:

Fever

Nasal congestion

Cough
How to Make a First Aid Kit
Try to keep your first aid kit small and simple. Stock it with multi-use items. Almost anything that provides good visibility of contents can be used for a household first aid kit.

If your kit will be on the move, a water-resistant, drop-proof container is best.
Inexpensive nylon bags, personal kits, fanny packs, or make-up cases serve very well.

You do not need to spend a lot of money on a fancy "medical bag." Use resealable sandwich or oven bags to group and compartmentalize items.

Put wound supplies in one bag and medications in another.
How to Use a First Aid Kit
Make sure you know how to properly use all of the items in your kit, especially the medications. Train others in your family to use the kit. You may be the one who needs first aid! Pack and use barrier items such as latex gloves to protect you from bodily fluids of others. Check the kit twice a year and replace expired medications. Find out the phone number of your regional poison control center at the American Association of Poison Control Centers Web site and keep the number with your kit.

Where to keep your first aid kit

The best place to keep your first aid kit is in the kitchen. Most family activities take place here. The bathroom has too much humidity, which shortens the shelf life of items.

The travel kit is for true trips away from home. Keep it in a suitcase or backpack or drybag, depending on the activity.

A first aid kit for everyday use in the car should be just like the home first aid kit. For that matter, you could keep similar kits in your boat (inside a waterproof bag), travel trailer, mobile home, camper, cabin, vacation home, and wherever you spend time.

What to Put in Your Household Kit
You can buy all items for your first aid kits at a well-stocked drug store. Ask the pharmacist for help in selecting items.

Home kit: A household first aid kit should include these items:

Adhesive tape

Anesthetic spray (Bactine) or lotion (Calamine, Campho-Phenique) - For itching rashes and insect bites

4" x 4" sterile gauze pads - For covering and cleaning wounds, as a soft eye patch

2", 3", and 4" Ace bandages - For wrapping sprained or strained joints, for wrapping gauze on to wounds, for wrapping on splints

Adhesive bandages (all sizes)

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Oral antihistamine for allergic reactions, itching rashes. Avoid topical antihistamine creams because they may worsen the rash in some people.

Exam gloves - For infection protection, and can be made into ice packs if filled with water and frozen

Polysporin antibiotic cream - To apply to simple wounds

Nonadhesive pads (Telfa) - For covering wounds and burns

Pocket mask for CPR

Resealable oven bag - As a container for contaminated articles, can become an ice pack

Safety pins (large and small) - For splinter removal and for securing triangular bandage sling

Scissors

Triangular bandage - As a sling, towel, tourniquet

Tweezers - For splinter or stinger or tick removal

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We supply first aid kits and medical equipment for:

First Aid Kits
Let the experts help you prepare a first aid kit. Our goal is simple: offer the most complete, highest value line of the first aid kits in the industry to American families and businesses.
Price comparisons of shopping for individual items at retail show that items can cost over 30%-50% more than purchasing our kits.

Safe Situations Don't Just Happen
Prevention is cheap, quick and easy. Whether it is your home, school, office or car, we have a first aid kit or emergency supply product to keep you safe. After all, that's our job.

Put your safety in the hands of the specialists.
First aid is the first help or immediate care given someone who has suddenly sickened or been hurt in an accident. First-aid training continues through the program of the Boy Scouts of America as concrete evidence that we are prepared to help others in need.

It is important that one person in each touring group be trained in the principles of first aid, know how and when to put this knowledge to the best use, and thoroughly understand the limitations of this knowledge.

It is strongly recommended that adult leaders in Scouting avail themselves of CPR and first-aid training by the American Red Cross or any recognized agency to be aware of the latest techniques and procedures. However, some of the first-aid techniques found in BSA literature are not the same as those professed by the American Red Cross. Frequently, modifications depend on the Scout's agethis could be a factor in the Scout's judgment and physical dexterity.

First-Aid Kits
A first-aid kit well stocked with the basic essentials is indispensable. Choose one sturdy and lightweight, yet large enough to hold the contents so that they are readily visible and so that any one item may be taken out without unpacking the whole kit. Keep a list of contents readily available for easy refilling. Keep the kit in a convenient location. Make one person responsible for keeping the kit filled and available when needed. Quantities of suggested items for your first-aid kit depend on the size of your group and local conditions.

Suggested First-Aid Kit Contents
Bar of soap
2-inch roller bandage
1-inch roller bandage
1-inch adhesive
3-by-3-inch sterile pads
Triangular bandage
Assorted gauze pads
Adhesive strips
Clinical oral thermometer
Scissors
Tweezers
Sunburn lotion
Lip salve
Poison-ivy lotion
Small flashlight (with extra batteries and bulb)
Absorbent cotton
Water purification tablets (iodine)
Safety pins
Needles
Paper cups
Foot powder
Instant ice packs
Because of the possibility of exposure to communicable diseases, first-aid kits should include latex or vinyl gloves, plastic goggles or other eye protection, and antiseptic to be used when giving first aid to bleeding victims, as protection against possible exposure. Mouth barrier devices should be available for use with CPR.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
This specialized skill to endeavor to revive victims of cardiac arrest (no breathing, no pulse) may be taught to Boy Scouts and Venturers by an instructor currently trained by the American Red Cross or American Heart Association. Teaching this skill to Cub Scouts is not recommended.

Preliminary skills related to CPR are found in the Boy Scout Handbook and the First Aid merit badge pamphlet (rescue breathing, choking, and steps to take for CPR).

Protection Considerations for Bloodborne Pathogens
Many people are concerned about the rapid spread of HIV (the AIDS virus) and try to avoid exposing themselves to this hazard. Health professionals and amateur first-aiders like those of us in Scouting may find ourselves faced with special concerns in this regard. Therefore, we must know how to act and how to instruct the youth we lead. Try to maintain the BSA's tradition of rendering first aid to those in need. Recognize that often the victims we treat with first aid are friends and family members whose health we are familiar with. Therefore, in such cases, except when we know they have infectious diseases, we should not hesitate to treat them.

The Boy Scouts of America Recommends
Treat all blood as if it were contaminated with bloodborne viruses. Do not use bare hands to stop bleeding; always use a protective barrier. Always wash exposed skin area with hot water and soap immediately after treating the victim. The following equipment is to be included in all first-aid kits and used when rendering first aid to those in need:

Latex or vinyl gloves, to be used when stopping bleeding or dressing wounds
A mouth-barrier device for rendering rescue breathing or CPR
Plastic goggles or other eye protection to prevent a victim's blood from getting into the rescuer's eyes in the event of serious arterial bleeding
Antiseptic, for sterilizing or cleaning exposed skin area, particularly if there is no soap or water available.
Individuals (medicine, fire rescue, and law enforcement Venturing crew members; volunteer first-aiders at camporees, Scouting shows, and similar events) who might have been exposed to another's blood and body fluids should know the following:

The chartered organization and its leaders should always explain and make clear the possible degree of exposure to blood or body fluids as a result of Scouting activities.
As a precaution, adult volunteers or youth members should consider a hepatitis B vaccination. The cost of the shots will not be borne by BSA, nor is the chartered organization required to underwrite the cost.
The chartered organization may arrange to have shots given at a reduced rate or free of charge.
If vaccination is recommended, any adult volunteers and youth members who decline the shots, either at full cost to them or at a reduced rate, or free, should sign a refusal waiver that should be retained by the council for five years.
Near-Drowning
Near-drowning is a term used to describe a fatality that occurs several hours after resuscitation or revival of a drowning victim. Near-drowning accidents are usually witnessed and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is delivered at the scene. Lung rupture can occur during the submersion or consequent to the resuscitation efforts. Pneumonia is a later complication in the injured lung. To ensure that water-accident victims do not become near-drownings, they need to be admitted to a hospital with a respiratory intensive care unit and monitored for at least 24 hours to watch for complications. The hypothermic victim requires special attention.

First Aid Kit
You should consider buying a prepackaged first aid kit or you can make your own for use at home and when traveling in case of emergencies, being sure to include the following emergency supply items:
bandage supplies, including a roll of 3 inch wide gauze, individually packaged 4 inch sterile gauze pads, a roll of 1 inch bandage tape, butterfly bandage tape, and scissors.
elastic bandages
cotton swabs
sterile dressings or towels
pain reliever (acetaminophen or ibuprofen)
anti-inflammatory medicine (ibuprofen)
ipecac syrup (for use on advice of medical professional to induce vomiting)
tweezers
hydrogen peroxide
skin creams, including hydrocortisone cream, calamine lotion and antibiotic creams
an antihistamine (diphenhydramine for allergic reactions)
flashlight
eyepatch
arm sling
tongue depressors (to be used as a finger splint)
ice pack
rehydration fluids (such as Pedialyte or Infalyte)
Be prepared by knowing your local poison center's phone number and keep it posted with a list of emergency numbers by your phone and with your first aid kit.

Lifeboat First Aid Kit
Revere Supply

First Aid Kit Lifeboat 50-181

. Contains 24 packages
. Each package is individually packed in a heat sealed plastic bag
. All packages placed in a waterproof plastic box
. Waterproof box tested by the Underwriters laboratory for weathering and water tightness under adverse salt water conditions
. Shipping weight 6 lbs.
24 Unit Lifeboat Marine First Aid Kit

Item: 285-U

24 Unit USCG Approved Lifeboat Marine First Aid Kit, plastic case w/ gasket - 1 each

This 192 piece, 24 unit United States Coast Guard approved lifeboat marine first aid kit with plastic case is well equipped to handle all emergencies common to commercial vessel workers. This marine first aid kit/boat first aid kit includes a variety of bandages, compresses, and eye care, each in its own double sealed waterproof pack for security out on the water.

Price $56.45
Bulk discount. Purchase 6 or more at only $48.95 each!
15 Unit USCG Approved Liferaft Marine First Aid Kit, waterproof bag

Marine First Aid Kit

15 Unit Liferaft Marine First Aid Kit

Item: 286-U

15 Unit USCG Approved Liferaft Marine First Aid Kit, waterproof bag - 1 each

This 109 piece, 15 unit United States Coast Guard approved liferaft marine first aid kit in waterproof bag is well equipped to handle all emergencies common to commercial vessel workers. This marine first aid kit/boat first aid kit includes a variety of bandages, compresses, and eye care, each in its own double sealed waterproof pack for security out on the water.
Price $32.45
Bulk discount. Purchase 10 or more at only $25.49 each!!.

24 Unit Lifeboat First Aid Kit
Item: 285-U

24 Unit USCG Approved Lifeboat First Aid Kit, plastic case w/ gasket - 1 each

This 192 piece, 24 unit United States Coast Guard approved lifeboat first aid kit with plastic case is well equipped to handle all emergencies common to commercial vessel workers as well as the boat enthusiast in need of boat first aid safety equipment. This marine first aid kit/boat first aid kit includes a variety of bandages, compresses, and eye care, each in its own double sealed waterproof pack for security out on the water.

Marine first aid kit/boat first aid kit Includes:

(1) A-5009-CG: Ammonia inhalants, 10/bx
(1) AN-337-CG: Antiseptic towelettes, 10/bx
(2) AN-404-CG: Burn relief packs, 6/bx
(1) A-5103-CG: Rolled wire splint, 1/bx
(1) A-5015-CG: Tourniquet and scissors, 1 set/bx
(2) AN-146-CG: 1"x3" Adhesive plastic bandage, 16/bx
(2) AN-276-CG: 2" Compress bandage off center, 1/bx
(3) AN-267-CG: 4" Compress bandage off center, 1/bx
(2) A-274-CG: 1728 sq. in. Sterile gauze compress, 1/bx
(1) AN-281-CG: 4"x6 yd. Sterile gauze bandage, 1/bx
(1) AN-5071-CG: Triangular sling/bandage w/2 safety pins, 1/bx
(1) A-7017-CG: 4 Eye pads and 1 1/2"x5 yd. First aid tape, 1 set/bx
(2) A-4000-CG: Aspirin tablets, (24) 2-pks
(1) B-5011-CG: 1 oz. eye wash, 2/bx
Kit Dimensions: 9-1/16"x9-1/16"x2-3/8"

15 Unit Liferaft First Aid Kit
Item: 286-U

15 Unit USCG Approved Liferaft First Aid Kit, waterproof vinyl pouch - 1 each

This 109 piece, 15 unit United States Coast Guard approved liferaft first aid kit with vinyl pouch is well equipped to handle all emergencies common to merchant vessel workers as well as the boat enthusiast in need of boat first aid safety equipment. This marine first aid kit/boat first aid kit includes a variety of bandages, compresses, and eye care, each in its own double sealed waterproof pack for security out on the water.

Marine first aid kit/boat first aid kit Includes:

(1) Waterproof vinyl pouch, 9"x12"
(1) A-5009-CG: Ammonia inhalants, 10/bx
(1) AN-337-CG: Antiseptic towelettes, 10/bx
(1) AN-404-CG: Burn relief packs, 6/bx
(1) A-5103-CG: Rolled wire splint, 1/bx
(1) A-5015-CG: Tourniquet and scissors, 1 set/bx
(1) AN-146-CG: 1"x3" Adhesive plastic bandage, 16/bx
(1) AN-276-CG: 2" Compress bandage off center, 1/bx
(1) AN-267-CG: 4" Compress bandage off center, 1/bx
(1) A-274-CG: 1728 sq. in. Sterile gauze compress, 1/bx
(1) AN-281-CG: 4"x6 yd. Sterile gauze bandage, 1/bx
(1) AN-5071-CG: Triangular sling/bandage w/2 safety pins, 1/bx
(1) A-7017-CG: 4 Eye pads and 1 1/2"x5 yd. First aid tape, 1 set/bx
(1) A-4000-CG: Aspirin tablets, (24) 2-pks
(1) B-5011-CG: 1 oz. eye wash, 2/bx
(1) General Instructions for marine first aid kit
Kit Dimensions: 9-1/16"x9-1/16"x2-3/8"

LifeBoat & Liferaft First Aid Kits
Finally! Two Marine First Aid Kits designed to meet the needs of boaters and marine activity enthusiasts! These US Coast Guards Approved kits have everything necessary to meet the Coast Guards Strict Boat First Aid requirements, and best of all, like all the first aid kits and supplies, you do not pay retail... these kits are available at our Online Discount and Wholesale Direct Pricing! Discontinued item...see
U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters

Lifesaving & Fire Safety Standards Division (G-MSE-4)

First Aid Kits for Small Passenger Vessels 26 February 1997

121.710 First aid kits.

184.710 First aid kits.

A vessel must carry a first aid kit approved in accordance with Sec. 160.041 in subchapter Q of this chapter, or other standard specified by the Commandant, or a kit with equivalent contents and instructions. For equivalent kits, the contents must be stowed in a suitable container that is marked, ``First Aid Kit''. A first aid kit shall be easily visible and readily available to the crew.

Note: Manufacturers of "equivalent" kits may also mark them with the following or similar wording:

"This First Aid Kit meets the Coast Guard's minimum requirements for small passenger vessels in 46 CFR 121.710 and 184.710."

"Equivalent" kits are NOT permitted to be marked "Coast Guard Approved."

The following is a list of first aid kit contents and instructions currently required for lifeboat first aid kits approved under 46 CFR Subchapter Q, 160.041:

(a) Items. The items contained in each first-aid kit must be those listed in Table 15(a)(i). Medicines must meet the requirements of the U.S. PHARMACOPOEIA.

(i) The items listed in Table 15(a)(i) must meet the applicable size, construction, and packaging requirements of ANSI Z308.1

Table 15(a)(i)
Contents of Lifeboat First-Aid Kit

Item Unit Size Carton Number of Units
Adhesive Bandage Compress (16 per Unit) Size 1 or 2 2
Bandage Compress (4 per Unit) 5 cm (2 in.) Size 1 or 2 2
Bandage Compress (1 per Unit) 10 cm (4 in.) Size 1 3
Triangular Bandage (1 per Unit) Size 1 or 2 2
Absorbent Gauze Compress (1 per Unit) Size 1 2
Gauze Roller Bandage (1 per Unit)10 cm (4 in. ) Size 1 2
Aluminum Splint (1 per Unit) Size 1 1
Tourniquet (1 per Unit) Size 1 or 2 1
Eye Dressing Packet (Pads & Strips) (4 per Unit) Size 1 1
Eye Wash Solution (30 ml (1 oz) per Unit) Size 1 or 2 2
Ammonia Inhalants (10 per Unit) Size 1 1
Antiseptic Swabs (10 per Unit) Size 1 1
Burn Treatment Compound, Ointment Type (3.0 grams (0.11 oz.)) (6 per Unit) Size 1 2
Aspirin, 324 milligram (5 grain) tablets (48 per Unit) Size 1 2
24 Units Total

(b) General Instructions. General instructions for the use of the contents of each first-aid kit must be printed in legible type on white paper laminated or treated to be waterproof. These instructions must be securely attached to the inside cover of the case. The general instructions for use of the kit must read as follows:

These are General Instructions for the Use of the Items in this First-Aid Kit. DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE USE OF EACH ITEM ARE LOCATED ON EACH INDIVIDUAL CARTON

Item Use
Absorbent Gauze Compress Apply as dressing over large wound.
Adhesive Bandage Compress Apply as dressing over small wound.
Aluminum Splint Use to immobilize broken or fractured bones. Pad with gauze or cloth. Hold in place with roller bandage.
Ammonia Inhalant Break one and inhale for faintness or fainting. DON'T use on suspected heart attack victims
Antiseptic Swabs Break one and apply to cuts scratches, etc, to prevent infection. DON'T use in or around eyes
Aspirin Adults take 2 tablets every 4 hours as needed for fever, muscle aches, headaches, and general discomfort
Bandage Compress 5 cm (2 in.) and 10 cm (4 in.) Apply as dressing over wound.
Burn Treatment Compound Apply to minor burns and sunburn. DON'T use in eyes.
Eye Dressing Packet After washing eye, secure eye pad over eye using adhesive strips.
Eye Wash Solution Use to cleanse irritated eye prior to applying eye pad.
Gauze Roller Bandage Use to secure bandages, splints, etc.
Tourniquet Use as last resort in controlling severe bleeding. Loosen a few seconds every 15 minutes.
Triangular Bandage Use as a sling, tourniquet or to retain splints or dressings in place.
Our unique specialty kits provide carefully selected first aid materials designed for use in highly specialized applications. Welders as well as workers exposed to other burn hazards or employees in regulated environments such as transportation, logging, or food service have distinctly different first aid product needs. And we always meet those needs with high-quality kits that surpass all special use requisites.
For on-the-water applications, we offer two U.S. Coast Guard-approved lifeboat and life raft kits-mandated for use on commercial passenger vessels as well as commercial fishing boats.
Tell us about your particular first aid kit requirements. If we don't currently offer a kit that fits those needs, we'll create one for you.
With the exception of U.S. Coast Guard approved kits, these cases can be custom printed to your specifications-usually at no additional charge. We'll print your existing design or create a new one for you-all in record time. Count on us to make your specialty kit just that - truly special.
Detailed Product Description

Our "Lifeboat" First Aid Kit complies with Coast Guard regulations for water safety first aid kits (USCG Code of Federal Regualtion, title 46, Part 160, subpart 160.041). Ideal for commercial, pleasure or sport boats. A complete variety of first aid supplies( multiple quantities of 14 different items), all shrink wrapped and poly bagged for waster resistance. Kit packed in water resisitant plastic case with carry handle.11" X 9" X 5".

Complete kit refills available seperately.

Kit content includes:
Plastic strip bandages, compresses, amonia inhalents, triangular bandage with pins, wire splint, asparin, burn cream, eye dressing, Iodine wipes, tourniquet and First Aid Fact Sheet.
Meets USCG requirements 46 CFR 160.41. Contains 14 items and 189 pieces. 4" Gauze Bandages- 1/box, 2 boxes Antiseptic Swabs-16/box , 2 boxes Adhesive Bandages-1/box, 2 boxes 4" Bandage Compress-1/box, 3 boxes

2" Bandage Compress-4/box, 2 boxes First Aid/Burn Cream-6/box, 3/kit Triangular Bandage-1/box, 2 boxes Wire Splint- 1/box, 1 box Ammonia inhalants-10/box, 1 box Absorbent Gauze Compress-1/box, 2 boxes Aspirin-25 packs of 2/box, 2 boxes Eye flush-Pads & Strips, 2 boxes Tourniquet-1 box
OrionŽ has developed a line of US Coast Guard Approved First Aid Kits for Commercial vessels. They contain everything that is required by the USCG to be included in either Life Boats or inflatable Life Rafts. Each Kit has waterproof packaging and all inner packs are sealed in waterproof bags. These kits offer the ultimate in protection for family, guests and crew.

Our newest and most complete Commercial First Aid Kit is packed in waterproof, impact resistant polypropylene case that will not crack in severe cold conditions. This kit has been exposed to saltwater for 24 hours and submerged to ensure the case integrity, in the most severe conditions. The contents are individually boxed and packed in waterproof bags. Meets the USCG requirement 46 CFR 160.41 for contents and construction. Contains 14 items and 189 pieces.
Our unique specialty kits provide carefully selected first aid materials designed for use in highly specialized applications. Welders as well as workers exposed to other burn hazards or employees in regulated environments such as transportation, logging, or food service have distinctly different first aid product needs. And we always meet those needs with high-quality kits that surpass all special use requisites.
For on-the-water applications, we offer two U.S. Coast Guard-approved lifeboat and life raft kits-mandated for use on commercial passenger vessels as well as commercial fishing boats.
If you don't find a kit that meets your specific requirements, call us. We are happy to create a kit to meet your needs.
With the exception of U.S. Coast Guard approved kits, these cases can be custom printed to your specifications-usually at no additional charge. We'll print your existing design or create a new one for you-all in record time. Count on us to make your specialty kit just that - truly special.

Lifeboat First Aid Kit

* Supplied in a heat sealed foil pouch
* Meets European specification
* Fully waterproof packaging
* Meets European safety standards
This Commercial First Aid kit is packed in waterproof, impact resistant polypropylene case that will not crack in severe cold conditions. This kit has been exposed to salt water for 24 hours and submerged to insure the ase integrity, in the most severe conditions. The contents are individually boxed and packed in waterproof bags. Meets the USCG requirement 46 CFR 160.41 for contents and construction. Contains 14 items and 189 pieces.

Forestry/Fallers First Aid Kit

Details
This kit contains an assortment of first aid items and emergency supplies for treating injuries while outdoors and away from first aid responders. This kit is ideal for camping trips, hikers, outdoor recreational activities, the cottage, home, or boat. Packaged in a nylon container. Contents packaged in a nylon soft pack with belt loops.
Forestry Deluxe First Aid Kit

Details
This kit contains an assortment of first aid items and emergency supplies for treating injuries while outdoors and away from first aid responders. This kit is ideal for camping trips, hikers, outdoor recreational activities, the cottage, home, or boat. Packaged in a nylon container. Contents packaged in a nylon soft pack with belt loops.
Outdoor Utility First Aid Kit

Details
This kit contains a wide assortment of first aid items and emergency supplies for treating injuries while outdoors and away from first aid responders. This kit is ideal for camping trips, hikers, outdoor recreational activities, the cottage, home, or boat. . Packaged in a nylon container. Contents packaged in a nylon fanny pack.
Outdoor Utility Deluxe First Aid Kit

Details
This kit contains a wide assortment of first aid items and emergency supplies for treating injuries while outdoors and away from first aid responders. This kit is ideal for camping trips, hikers, outdoor recreational activities, the cottage, home, or boat. Packaged in a nylon container. Contents packaged in a nylon fanny pack.
Swimming Pool Kit

Details
This kit has rubber gaskets to protect the contents from moisture, dust, and dirt. The box also comes with wall mount brackets and carrying handles.

Inflatable Life Raft Kit

Details
This kit contains a useful selection of first aid items for use when in a marine or boating environment. The inflatable life raft kit is packaged in a waterproof bag.
Life Boat First Aid Kit

Details
This kit contains a useful selection of first aid items for use when in a marine or boating environment. The life boat kit is packaged in an impact-resistant plastic box.

See Lifeboat. For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see Lifeboat (Stargate SG-1). Severn class lifeboat in Poole Harbour, Dorset, England. This is the largest class of UK lifeboat, at 17 metres long Severn class lifeboat in Poole Harbour, Dorset, England.

This is the largest class of UK lifeboat, at 17 metres long Lifeboats on a passenger liner, the FS Scandinavia. Lifeboats on a passenger liner, the FS Scandinavia.

A lifeboat is a rigid or inflatable boat designed to save the lives of people in trouble at sea. The term has somewhat different meanings in British and American usage.

The British usage emphasizes specialized vessels kept in harbour or near a harbour, often manned by volunteers, designed to quickly reach a ship in trouble.

The term "lifeboat" in American usage generally refers to rigid or inflatable vessels carried by larger ships to allow passengers and crew to escape in an emergency. The first boat specialized as a lifeboat was tested on the River Tyne on January 29, 1790. William Wouldhave and Lionel Lukin both claimed to be the inventor of the first lifeboat. One example of an early lifeboat was the Landguard Fort Lifeboat of 1821, designed by Richard Hall Gower. In U.S. waters, rescue-at-sea is part of the duties of the United States Coast Guard, which employs its multipurpose ships and aircraft in this role. The Coast Guard is also responsible for making sure that the proper type and number of lifeboats (American usage) are available and kept in good repair on any large ship. "Lifeboat drills" are a part of a cruise experience. Inflatable lifeboats, also called life rafts, may be equipped with auto-inflation carbon dioxide canisters or mechanical pumps. A quick release and pressure release mechanism is fitted on board ships so that the canister or pump automatically inflates the lifeboat, and the lifeboat breaks free of the sinking vessel.

Commercial aircraft are required to carry auto-inflating life rafts in case of an emergency water landing. They are also kept on offshore platforms. Contents [hide] * 1 Ship-launched lifeboats * 2 Origins of the lifeboats on board ships * 3 Modern life boats * 4 Other usages * 5 See also * 6 External references Ship-launched lifeboats These are large whaleboats designed to be lowered from davits on a ship's deck. They are designed to be unsinkable, with buoyancy that cannot be damaged. They have a cover that can be erected to form a storm shelter and sunshade.

The cover can usually collect rainwater, and is visible from the air. They usually carry flares and mirrors for signaling, three days of food and water, oars, an engine, heater and basic navigational equipment. An inflatable life raft An inflatable life raft The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Life-Saving Appliance Code (LSA) require a specific list of emergency equipment to be carried on each lifeboat and liferaft used on international voyages. Modern lifeboats should also carry an Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) and either a radar reflector or search and rescue radar transponder. Traditionally lifeboats for passages in the Pacific or Indian Oceans were thought unsafe unless they permitted self-rescue.

Thus these traditionally included sailing equipment, navigational equipment, solar water stills, rainwater catchments and fishing equipment. Lifeboats for the North Sea include an electric heater for the engine oil, which is left on in cold weather. Inflatable liferaft, in hard-shelled canister Inflatable liferaft, in hard-shelled canister A very commonly used lifeboat is a 25-man inflatable; in the United States Navy it is named the Mark 6. The lifeboat is compact and made of separate compartments, or tubes, as a redundancy against puncture. Carbon dioxide canisters and hand pump facilitate inflation of the vessel. A built-in canopy is often included as part of a lifeboat against harsh weather.

Lifeboats furthermore carry essential survival gear, including food, water, de-salter kits, bags, sea dye, first aid kits, fishing kits, light/smoke distress signals (Mark 13), and heliograph mirrors. Most yachts carry liferafts. Some use dual-purpose dinghies, often with the express plan of self-rescue, while others use inflatable life-rafts. The equipment and arrangements are very similar to larger commercial lifeboats.

Origins of the lifeboats on board ships Lifeboat carrying passengers from the sunken RMS Titanic. Lifeboat carrying passengers from the sunken RMS Titanic. By the turn of the 20th Century larger ships meant more people could travel, but safety rules in regard with lifeboats stayed out of date. It was after the sinking of the RMS Titanic on April 15, 1912, that a movement began to require a sufficient number of lifeboats on passenger ships for all people on board.

The need for so many more lifeboats on the decks of passenger ships after 1912 led to the use of most of the deck space available even on the large ships, creating the problem of restricted passageways. This was resolved by the introduction of collapsible lifeboats, a number of which had been installed on the Titanic (see Birthon Boat Company). The engine room of a Severn class lifeboat. This is the largest class of UK lifeboat, 17 metres long, with a crew of seven.

Two diesel engines can be seen, each of 1250 HP The engine room of a Severn class lifeboat. This is the largest class of UK lifeboat, 17 metres long, with a crew of seven. Two diesel engines can be seen, each of 1250 HP Part of the main control panel of a Severn class lifeboat Part of the main control panel of a Severn class lifeboat The ship's tenders of modern cruise ships are often designed to double as lifeboats. Also see the discussion in dinghy and liferaft. Modern life boats Modern motor life boats (MLB) originated as life boats that had been modified with the addition of an engine and provided more power to get in and out of the swell area inside the surf. They can be launched from shore in any weather and perform rescues further distances out. Older lifeboats relied on sails and oars, which are slower and dependent on wind conditions or manpower.

All lifeboats of this type generally have modern electronic devices such as radios and radar to help locate the party in distress and carry medical and food supplies for the survivors. A 47 MLB charges through the surf A 47 MLB charges through the surf The MLB was initially developed by the United States Life Saving Service in 1899, of which models derived from this hull design remained in use until 1987.

The United States Life Saving Service later would become the United States Coast Guard and continue in its original mission of saving lives. The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (or RNLI) maintains lifeboats around the coasts of the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, manned by unpaid volunteers with equipment funded through voluntary donation - web-site at www.rnli.org.uk. Most Scandinavian countries also have volunteer lifeboat societies.

The local branch of a society generally schedules practices, maintains a lifeboat and shed, and is contacted by commercial marine radio operators when a rescue is needed. In Australasia, surf lifesaving clubs operate inflatable rescue boats (IRB) for in-shore rescues of swimmers and surfers. These boats are best typified by the rubber Zodiac and are powered by an outboard motor. The rescue personnel wear wet suits. The Rigid Hulled Inflatable Boat (RIB) is now seen as the best type of craft for in-shore rescues as they are less likely to be tipped over by the wind or breakers. Specially designed Jet rescue boats have also been used successfully.

Unlike ordinary pleasure craft, these small to medium sized rescue craft often have very low freeboard so that victims can be taken aboard without lifting. This means that the boats are designed to operate with water inside the boat hull and rely on flotation tanks rather than hull displacement to stay afloat and upright. Lifeboat tender of the Oosterdam showing the "face mask" over the front windows, and the rolled-up tarp that can be brought down over the entry port to make the boat watertight Lifeboat tender of the Oosterdam showing the "face mask" over the front windows, and the rolled-up tarp that can be brought down over the entry port to make the boat watertight The Dutch lifeboat association (KNRM) has put many efforts in developing jet-driven RIB lifeboats. This has resulted in 3 classes. The largest is the "Arie Visser-class: length 18,80 m, twin jet, 2 x 1000 hp, max. speed 35 kts, capacity 120 persons.

Lifeboats are also operated inland at specific events, organisations such as the Royal Life Saving Society (RLSS UK) provide coverage of rivers, lakes and such like. Other usages When the Apollo 13 command module was damaged by an explosion in the service module, the lunar module was used as a lifeboat as it had separate life support, propulsion and guidance systems that remained functional (though it was not a lifeboat in the sense that it was detached from the main vehicle).

The International Space Station is equipped with a "lifeboat" known as the Crew Return Vehicle (CRV). A number of designs have been proposed over the years, but funding issues have prevented a dedicated CRV from being built and deployed. Currently, a Soyuz TMA capsule is used as an interim CRV in case there is a need for an emergency landing of the crew. Because the Station's crew size is limited by the lifeboat size, the Station only has three astronauts on board, instead of the intended eight. Any small self-contained spacecraft designed to operate as a life-preserving vehicle or escape pod for the crew of a spacecraft in distress might also be termed a "lifeboat", and this usage frequently appears in science fiction. Usually on a Sunday morning the crews pagers go off at around 11am for a pager test, so this morning when the pagers were set off at 9.40 the first thought was that the test was unusually early, or an Aprils fools.

Then realising that someone needed the assistance of Aberystwyth Lifeboat and the page was for real, the crew quickly assembled at the boathouse. The lifeboat was launched within 6 minutes and quickly on its way South to help a 23 foot fishing boat which had suffered a mechanical failure. The owners of the boat were confused about their position and the coordinates they gave did not match up with where they thought they were in relation to the land. With good visibility and quite a distinctive looking boat, the casualty was soon spotted by the lifeboats crew.

The casualty was taken under tow, but this proved to be very slow with the lifeboat averaging 5 knots speed. The lifeboat eventually entered Aberystwyth harbour just after 11am and put the boat on its moorings. The lifeboat was then taken back out after a crew change for Sunday morning practice. A small motorboat suffered engine failure on both its main outboard engine and its auxilarly engine, whilst approximately half a mile off the harbour entrance to Aberystwyth. The owner of the vessel put in a radio call to the Coastguard and the Lifeboat crew were soon paged and the boat on its way. Once the Lifeboat was on scene the crew ascertained that everyone was OK and a tow was set up, about 15 minutes later the boat was towed onto its moorings in the harbour.

The lifeboat then returned to station to be cleaned, refuelled and ready for its next service. The lifeboat was contacted by the coastguard and informed that the person the boat had searched for on Saturday was still missing, and had been missing for a number of days. The police had requested that another shoreline search take place. A crew was assembled and the boat launched just before mid day to carry out a search South of Aberystwyth down to Llanrhystud.

The inshore D Class from New Quay was also involved in the search as were a number of Coastguard Shore search parties. Sadly a body was discovered by one of the shore teams. The lifeboat was asked to return to station and collect Police and scenes of crime officers and take to the scene, the body was then returned to Aberystwyth via the lifeboat.

The boat returned to station and was cleaned and rehoused by just before 7pm. The crew and all involved at Aberystwyth lifeboat send their thoughts and condolenses to the families and friends of the casualty. Further details are available on the BBC News Site The Coastguard requested that the Lifeboat Launch to assist in a search for a missing person. After the crew assembled it was decided to carry out a beach launch due to low water in the harbour entrance and quite a rough sea. Although practiced at station, this had never been carried out on a service.

The beach launch from South Beach Aberystwyth went well, and the boat was soon making its way South to assist the Coastguard shore search teams. A shoreline search was carried out for nearly two hours, when nothing was found the search was stood down and the boat returned to station, where it was recovered in the safety of the harbour. The lifeboats' first venture onto the beach at Cromer went very well with the crew expertly handling their initial recovery of this boat onto the waiting carriage. For this operation we were joined by members of the Wells crew who were there to lend a helping hand and support us in our new role with the beach launched lifeboat. This has been a busy day for us, and as you can imagine we are all feeling the effects of having recovered the lifeboat 3 times today. Sunday 11th saw our crew launch our own station boat and the relief lifeboat for more 'hands on' training. A well-stocked first-aid kit, kept within easy reach, is a necessity in every home. Having supplies gathered ahead of time will help you handle an emergency at a moment's notice. You should keep one first-aid kit in your home and one in each car. Also be sure to bring a first-aid kit on family vacations.

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First Aid Instruments, First Aid Signs, Gloves, Inflatable Air Splints, Protective Creams & Lotions, Safety Pins, Splints, Tongue Depressors, Syrup of Ipecac, Finger Cots, Braces & Supports, First Aid Guide . First Aid Book In any emergency a family member or you yourself may be cut, burned or suffer other injuries. If you have these basic supplies you are better prepared to help your loved ones when they are hurt. Remember, many injuries are not life threatening and do not require immediate medical attention. Knowing how to treat minor injuries can make a difference in an emergency. Consider taking a first aid class, but simply having the following things can help you stop bleeding, prevent infection and assist in decontamination. Things you should have: * Two pairs of Latex, or other sterile gloves (if you are allergic to Latex). * Sterile dressings to stop bleeding. * Cleansing agent/soap and antibiotic towelettes to disinfect. * Antibiotic ointment to prevent infection. * Burn ointment to prevent infection. * Adhesive bandages in a variety of sizes. * Eye wash solution to flush the eyes or as general decontaminant. * Thermometer (Read more: Biological Threat) * Prescription medications you take every day such as insulin, heart medicine and asthma inhalers. You should periodically rotate medicines to account for expiration dates. * Prescribed medical supplies such as glucose and blood pressure monitoring equipment and supplies. Things it may be good to have: * Cell Phone * Scissors * Tweezers * Tube of petroleum jelly or other lubricant Non-prescription drugs: * Aspirin or nonaspirin pain reliever * Anti-diarrhea medication * Antacid (for upset stomach) * Laxative First Aid Kits & Ships Medical supplies INSHORE FIRST AID KIT CONTENTS LIST MED0500 PIECES QTY CSM# ITEM DESCRIPTION SIZE per PKG 10PW UK INSHOR... NEW SOFT PACK, MODULAR SYSTEM, lets you choose the level of protection that suits your boating habits, whether a bay boater or long distance offshore cruiser. . Each modular section is packed in a resealable zip lock waterproof bag .

All bandages are premium fabric quality and resistant to water Daytripper Orion Daytripper First Aid Kit Waterproof zip lock, PVC coated nylon pouch with Velcro attachment that can affix to bulkhead or folded and worn on your belt. Meets basic requirements for cuts and scrapes. 40 Total Pieces Inland Orion Inland First Aid Kit Waterproof zip lock nylon pouch with Velcro attachment that can affix to bulkhead or folded and worn on your belt. Meets the requirements for basic cuts and scrapes. 71 Total Pieces Coastal Orion Coastal First Aid Kit Packed in double zipper, PVC coated nylon bags with room to add additional safety products. 75 Total Pieces Blue Water Orion Blue Water First Aid Kit Packed in double zipper, PVC coated nylon bags with room to add additional safety products. Provides the protection for additional situations until you return to shore. 146 Total Pieces Open Ocean Orion Open Ocean First Aid Kit Packed in double zipper, PVC coated nylon bags with room to add additional safety products. Contains 7 modules to handle most on board emergencies. 152 Total Pieces Circumnavigator Orion Circumnavigator First Aid Kit Packed in double zipper, PVC coated nylon bags with room to add additional safety products. Contains 7 modules to handle most on board emergencies with expanded assortment. 161 Total Pieces Traveler Kit with Back Pack Heavy duty PVC coated nylon construction with 1 .. adjustable nylon straps. This kit contains all necessary emergency supplies and can be carried on your back, keeping hands free to handle emergency situation. Case measures 11. x 15. x 4 ... Contains 9 modules packed in reseal able zip lock waterproof bags. 164 Total Pieces Outdoor First Aid Kit with Belt Pack Heavy duty PVC coated nylon construction with 1 .. adjustable nylon straps that fits around the waist. This kit contains all basic first aid needs and has room to add additional items. Case measures 7 .. x 6. x 4.. Contains 3 modules packed in reseal able zip lock waterproof bags plus a survival wrap. 131 Total Pieces Replacement Module We have packaged the 2 most often used items to replenish your first aid kit at the beginning of each boating season 125 Total Pieces First Aid Kits Hard Pack Runabout Kit Runabout Kit - Orion Signals First Aid Kits Perfect Kit to put in your glove box to handle common minor mishaps. 11 Different Items/38 Total Pieces Fish 'N Ski kit Fish 'N Ski Kit - Orion Signals First Aid Kits The perfect marine first aid kit for the small craft. Plastic case with NEW gasketed dual locking lid, fits easily into small storage areas on boat. 13 Different Items/74 Total Pieces Weekender Kit Weekender kit - Orion Signals First Aid Kits Relax and enjoy the weekend on the water. This compact kit has an assortment of the most frequently needed first aid products for minor emergencies. Includes a wall-mountable, waterproof plastic storage case for your vessel. 18 Different Items/146 Total Pieces Cruiser Kit Cruiser kit - Orion Signals First Aid Kits Perfect for the large boat cruiser to protect family and guests. The wall mounted, waterproof case holds a larger selection of items to handle emergencies for the active boater. 23 Different Items/158 Total Pieces Sportfisher Kit Sport Fisher kit - Orion Signals First Aid Kits Total protection for your family and guest's basic first aid needs. This kit contains the necessities any offshore fishermen will need to prevent an early return to the dock. We have packed a full assortment of items in our waterproof case that can be easily mounted to the bulkhead. 25 Different Items/246 Total Pieces Our new kit is designed to fit inflatable Life Rafts.

Packed in a waterproof, reusable pouch that meets all the U.S. Coast Guard requirements for waterproofing and salt water exposure. All the contents are individually boxed and sealed in waterproof bags. Meets the USCG requirement 46 CFR 160.54 for contents and construction. Contains 14 items, 108 pieces. Our newest and most complete Commercial First Aid Kit is packed in waterproof, impact resistant polypropylene case that will not crack in severe cold conditions. This kit has been exposed to saltwater for 24 hours and submerged to ensure the case integrity, in the most severe conditions. The contents are individually boxed and packed in waterproof bags. Meets the USCG requirement 46 CFR 160.41 for contents and construction. Contains 14 items and 189 pieces. First Aid and Trauma products. Welcome to the leading range in quality First Aid and Trauma Kits.

Please click on the type of First Aid Kit you are interested in, as listed to the left, alternatively, scroll down the whole page to see the full range: Available Options: Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs. Burn dressings Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs. Fire/Trauma Blankets Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs. Kit refills Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs. Bandages and dressings Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs. First Aid disposables Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs.

Oxygen Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs. Drip Kits Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs. Cervical Collars Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs. Marine emergency supplies Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs. Ice packs Burnshield - burn dressings, fire blankets, cervical collars,oxygen,marine emergency supplies, ice packs. Printing of kits can be accommodated International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is the most important treaty protecting the safety of merchant ships. The first version of the treaty was passed in 1914 in response to the sinking of the RMS Titanic. It prescribed numbers of lifeboats and other emergency equipment along with safety procedures, including continuous radio watches. Newer versions were adopted in 1929, 1948, 1960 and 1974. The 1960 Convention - which was activated in 1965 - was the first major achievement for International Maritime Organization (IMO) after its creation and represented a massive advance in updating commercial shipping regulations and in staying up-to-date with new technology and procedures in the industry.

The 1974 version simplified the process for amending the treaty. A number of amendments have been adopted since. In particular, amendments in 1988 based on amendments of International Radio Regulations in 1987 replaced Morse code with the Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS) and came into force beginning 1 February 1992. The intention had been to keep the convention up to date by periodic amendments, but the procedure to incorporate the amendments proved to be very slow: it could take several years for the amendments to be put into action since countries had to give notice of acceptance to IMO and there was a minimum threshold of countries and tonnage. The latest Convention in 1974 therefore included the "tacit acceptance" procedure whereby amendments enter into force by default unless nations file objections that meet a certain number or tonnage. International Maritime Organization The International Maritime Organization (IMO), formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO), was established in 1948 through the United Nations to coordinate international maritime safety and related practices. However the IMO did not enter into full force until 1958.

Headquartered in London, U.K., the IMO promotes cooperation among governments and the shipping industry to improve maritime safety and to prevent marine pollution. IMO is governed by an Assembly of members and is financially administered by a Council of members elected from the Assembly. The work of IMO is conducted through five committees and these are supported by technical sub-committees. Member organizations of the UN organizational family may observe the proceedings of the IMO. Observer status may be granted to qualified non-governmental organizations. The IMO is supported by a permanent secretariat of employees who are representative of its members. The secretariat is composed of a Secretary-General who is periodically elected by the Assembly, and various divisions including, inter alia, marine safety, environmental protection, and a conference section. The concept of IMO was born after the RMS Titanic disaster. By modern standards, the design of the Titanic made her appallingly vulnerable. Her "watertight" bulkheads, by design, did not extend all the way to the overhead because the engineers calculated that it was impossible for the ship to take on a trim or list sufficient for water to cascade over their tops if the bulkheads were of a certain height. When Titanic struck the iceberg, these calculations were proven dismally incorrect. When people began abandoning ship, it became obvious that not nearly enough lifeboats were available. Many lives and much money were lost in this tragedy. Up until that time, each nation had made its own rules about ship design, construction, and safety equipment. The Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) was formed in response to the Titanic event, but was "put on the back burner" when World War I broke out. After the war ended, IMCO was revived and produced a group of regulations concerning shipbuilding and safety called "Safety Of Life At Sea"..." SOLAS". Through the years, SOLAS has been modified and upgraded to adapt to changes in technology and lessons learned. IMCO eventually became IMO. IMO regularly enacts regulations (such as the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) which are enforced by class societies and recognized organizations who survey ships regularly to ensure compliance with specific laws applicable to each individual ship.

Port State Control authority was enacted, allowing such agencies as the US and British coast guards to inspect foreign flag ships calling at ports of the many port states. Memoranda of Understanding (protocols) were signed by some countries unifying Port State Control procedures among the signators. Of course, the numbers will never be known, but IMO has protected countless lives, saved enormous amounts of money, and prevented numerous environmental disasters over the years. IMO is the source of approximately 60 legal instruments that guide the regulatory development of its member states to improve safety at sea, facilitate trade among seafaring states and protect the maritime environment. The most well known being the Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS). Recent initiatives at the IMO have included amendments to the Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS), which upgraded fire protection standards on passenger ships, the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) which establishes basic requirements on training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers and to the Convention on the Prevention of Maritime Pollution (MARPOL 73/78), which required double hulls on all tankers. All these initiatives were instigated by representatives of the United States before the IMO. Prior to 11 September 2001, IMO had begun work on the International Ship and Port Security Code, which was designed to provide guidance for shipowners and port facilities in establishing strict security procedures to prevent weapons of mass destruction and other contraband from being transported by ship. The events of 9/11 created greater urgency to this effort and, in December 2002, new amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention were enacted.

These amendments gave rise to the International Ship and Port Security Code, which went into effect on 1 July 2004. The ISPS Code required most ships and port facilities engaged in international trade to establish and maintain strict security procedures as specified in ship and port specific Ship Security Plans and Port Facility Security Plans. The concept of the Code is to provide layered and redundant defenses against smuggling, terrorism, piracy, stowaways, etc. The IMO is also responsible for publishing the International Code of Signals for use between merchant and naval vessels. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 Adoption: 1 November 1974Available from IMO Publications on-line service - click image for link Entry into force: 25 May 1980 Introduction and history Amendment procedure Technical provisions Chapter I - General Provisions Chapter II-1 - Construction - Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations Chapter II-2 - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction Chapter III - Life-saving appliances and arrangements Chapter IV - Radiocommunications Chapter V - Safety of navigation Chapter VI - Carriage of Cargoes Chapter VII - Carriage of dangerous goods Chapter VIII - Nuclear ships Chapter IX - Management for the Safe Operation of Ships Chapter X - Safety measures for high-speed craft Chapter XI-1 - Special measures to enhance maritime safety Chapter XI-2 - Special measures to enhance maritime security Chapter XII - Additional safety measures for bulk carriers Amendments year by year Introduction and history The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships.

The first version was adopted in 1914, in response to the Titanic disaster, the second in 1929, the third in 1948, and the fourth in 1960. The 1960 Convention - which was adopted on 17 June 1960 and entered into force on 26 May 1965 - was the first major task for IMO after the Organization's creation and it represented a considerable step forward in modernizing regulations and in keeping pace with technical developments in the shipping industry. The intention was to keep the Convention up to date by periodic amendments but in practice the amendments procedure proved to be very slow. It became clear that it would be impossible to secure the entry into force of amendments within a reasonable period of time. As a result, a completely new Convention was adopted in 1974 which included not only the amendments agreed up until that date but a new amendment procedure - the tacit acceptance procedure - designed to ensure that changes could be made within a specified (and acceptably short) period of time. Instead of requiring that an amendment shall enter into force after being accepted by, for example, two thirds of the Parties, the tacit acceptance procedure provides that an amendment shall enter into force on a specified date unless, before that date, objections to the amendment are received from an agreed number of Parties. As a result the 1974 Convention has been updated and amended on numerous occasions.

The Convention in force today is sometimes referred to as SOLAS, 1974, as amended. Amendment procedure Article VIII of the SOLAS 1974 Convention states that amendments can be made either: After consideration within IMO Amendments proposed by a Contracting Government are circulated at least six months before consideration by the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) - which may refer discussions to one or more IMO Sub-Committees - and amendments are adopted by a two-thirds majority of Contracting Governments present and voting in the MSC. Contracting Governments of SOLAS, whether or not Members of IMO are entitled to participate in the consideration of amendments in the so-called "expanded MSC". Amendments by a Conference A Conference of Contracting Governments is called when a Contracting Government requests the holding of a Conference and at least one-third of Contracting Governments agree to hold the Conference. Amendments are adopted by a two-thirds majority of Contracting Governments present and voting. In the case of both a Conference and the expanded MSC, amendments (other than to Chapter I) are deemed to have been accepted at the end of a set period of time following communication of the adopted amendments to Contracting Governments, unless a specified number of Contracting Governments object. The length of time from communication of amendments to deemed acceptance is set at two years unless another period of time - which must not be less than one year - is determined by two-thirds of Contracting Governments at the time of adoption. Amendments to Chapter I are deemed accepted after positive acceptance by two-thirds of Contracting Governments.

Amendments enter into force six months after their deemed acceptance. The minimum length of time from circulation of proposed amendments through entry into force is 24 months - circulation: six months, adoption to deemed acceptance date: 12 months minimum; deemed acceptance to entry into force: six months. However, a resolution adopted in 1994 makes provision for an accelerated amendment procedure to be used in exceptional circumstances - allowing for the length of time from communication of amendments to deemed acceptance to be cut to six months in exceptional circumstances and when this is decided by a Conference. In practice to date, the expanded MSC has adopted most amendments to SOLAS, while Conferences have been held on several occasions - notably to adopt whole new Chapters to SOLAS or to adopt amendments proposed in response to a specific incident. Technical provisions The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety.

Flag States are responsible for ensuring that ships under their flag comply with its requirements, and a number of certificates are prescribed in the Convention as proof that this has been done. Control provisions also allow Contracting Governments to inspect ships of other Contracting States if there are clear grounds for believing that the ship and its equipment do not substantially comply with the requirements of the Convention - this procedure is known as port State control.The current SOLAS Convention includes Articles setting out general obligations, amendment procedure and so on, followed by an Annex divided into 12 Chapters. Chapter I - General Provisions Includes regulations concerning the survey of the various types of ships and the issuing of documents signifying that the ship meets the requirements of the Convention. The Chapter also includes provisions for the control of ships in ports of other Contracting Governments. Chapter II-1 - Construction - Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations The subdivision of passenger ships into watertight compartments must be such that after assumed damage to the ship's hull the vessel will remain afloat and stable. Requirements for watertight integrity and bilge pumping arrangements for passenger ships are also laid down as well as stability requirements for both passenger and cargo ships. The degree of subdivision - measured by the maximum permissible distance between two adjacent bulkheads - varies with ship's length and the service in which it is engaged.

The highest degree of subdivision applies to passenger ships. Requirements covering machinery and electrical installations are designed to ensure that services which are essential for the safety of the ship, passengers and crew are maintained under various emergency conditions. The steering gear requirements of this Chapter are particularly important. Chapter II-2 - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction Includes detailed fire safety provisions for all ships and specific measures for passenger ships, cargo ships and tankers. They include the following principles: division of the ship into main and vertical zones by thermal and structural boundaries; separation of accommodation spaces from the remainder of the ship by thermal and structural boundaries; restricted use of combustible materials; detection of any fire in the zone of origin; containment and extinction of any fire in the space of origin; protection of the means of escape or of access for fire-fighting purposes; ready availability of fire-extinguishing appliances; minimization of the possibility of ignition of flammable cargo vapour. Chapter III - Life-saving appliances and arrangements.

The Chapter includes requirements for life-saving appliances and arrangements, including requirements for life boats, rescue boats and life jackets according to type of ship. The International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code gives specific technical requirements for LSAs and is mandatory under Regulation 34, which states that all life-saving appliances and arrangements shall comply with the applicable requirements of the LSA Code. Chapter IV - Radiocommunications The Chapter incorporates the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). All passenger ships and all cargo ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards on international voyages are required to carry equipment designed to improve the chances of rescue following an accident, including satellite emergency position indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) and search and rescue transponders (SARTs) for the location of the ship or survival craft.

Regulations in Chapter IV cover undertakings by contracting governments to provide radiocommunciation services as well as ship requirements for carriage of radiocommunications equipment. The Chapter is closely linked to the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union. Chapter V - Safety of navigation Chapter V identifies certain navigation safety services which should be provided by Contracting Governments and sets forth provisions of an operational nature applicable in general to all ships on all voyages. This is in contrast to the Convention as a whole, which only applies to certain classes of ship engaged on international voyages. The subjects covered include the maintenance of meteorological services for ships; the ice patrol service; routeing of ships; and the maintenance of search and rescue services. This Chapter also includes a general obligation for masters to proceed to the assistance of those in distress and for Contracting Governments to ensure that all ships shall be sufficiently and efficiently manned from a safety point of view. The chapter makes mandatory the carriage of voyage data recorders (VDRs) and automatic ship identification systems (AIS) for certain ships.

Chapter VI - Carriage of Cargoes The Chapter covers all types of cargo (except liquids and gases in bulk) "which, owing to their particular hazards to ships or persons on board, may require special precautions". The regulations include requirements for stowage and securing of cargo or cargo units (such as containers). The Chapter requires cargo ships carrying grain to comply with the International Grain Code. Chapter VII - Carriage of dangerous goods The regulations are contained in three parts: Part A - Carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form - includes provisions for the classification, packing, marking, labelling and placarding, documentation and stowage of dangerous goods. Contracting Governments are required to issue instructions at the national level and the Chapter makes mandatory the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, developed by IMO, which is constantly updated to accommodate new dangerous goods and to supplement or revise existing provisions.

Part A-1 - Carriage of dangerous goods in solid form in bulk - covers the documentation, stowage and segregation requirements for these goods and requires reporting of incidents involving such goods.

Part B covers Construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous liquid chemicals in bulk and requires chemical tankers built after 1 July 1986 to comply with the International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code).

Part C covers Construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk and gas carriers constructed after 1 July 1986 to comply with the requirements of the International Gas Carrier Code (IGC Code). Part D includes special requirements for the carriage of packaged irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes on board ships and requires ships carrying such products to comply with the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships (INF Code). The chapter requires carriage of dangerous goods to be in compliance with the relevant provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code).

The IMDG Code was first adopted by IMO in 1965 and has been kept up to date by regular amendments, including those needed to keep it in line with United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods which sets the basic requirements for all the transport modes Chapter VIII - Nuclear ships Gives basic requirements for nuclear-powered ships and is particularly concerned with radiation hazards. It refers to detailed and comprehensive Code of Safety for Nuclear Merchant Ships which was adopted by the IMO Assembly in 1981. Chapter IX - Management for the Safe Operation of Ships The Chapter makes mandatory the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, which requires a safety management system to be established by the shipowner or any person who has assumed responsibility for the ship (the "Company"). Chapter X - Safety measures for high-speed craft The Chapter makes mandatory the International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft (HSC Code). Chapter XI-1 - Special measures to enhance maritime safety The Chapter clarifies requirements relating to authorization of recognized organizations (responsible for carrying out surveys and inspections on Administrations' behalves); enhanced surveys; ship identification number scheme; and port State control on operational requirements. Chapter XI-2 - Special measures to enhance maritime security.

The Chapter was adopted in December 2002 and entered into force on 1 July 2004. Regulation XI-2/3 of the new chapter enshrines the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code (ISPS Code). Part A of the Code is mandatory and part B contains guidance as to how best to comply with the mandatory requirements. The regulation requires Administrations to set security levels and ensure the provision of security level information to ships entitled to fly their flag. Prior to entering a port, or whilst in a port, within the territory of a Contracting Government, a ship shall comply with the requirements for the security level set by that Contracting Government, if that security level is higher than the security level set by the Administration for that ship. Regulation XI-2/8 confirms the role of the Master in exercising his professional judgement over decisions necessary to maintain the security of the ship.

It says he shall not be constrained by the Company, the charterer or any other person in this respect. Regulation XI-2/5 requires all ships to be provided with a ship security alert system, according to a strict timetable that will see most vessels fitted by 2004 and the remainder by 2006. When activated the ship security alert system shall initiate and transmit a ship-to-shore security alert to a competent authority designated by the Administration, identifying the ship, its location and indicating that the security of the ship is under threat or it has been compromised. The system will not raise any alarm on-board the ship. The ship security alert system shall be capable of being activated from the navigation bridge and in at least one other location. Regulation XI-2/6 covers requirements for port facilities, providing among other things for Contracting Governments to ensure that port facility security assessments are carried out and that port facility security plans are developed, implemented and reviewed in accordance with the ISPS Code. Other regulations in this chapter cover the provision of information to IMO, the control of ships in port, (including measures such as the delay, detention, restriction of operations including movement within the port, or expulsion of a ship from port), and the specific responsibility of Companies.

Chapter XII - Additional safety measures for bulk carriers The Chapter includes structural requirements for bulk carriers over 150 metres in length. Amendments year by year The Protocol of 1978 - Tanker safety and pollution prevention The 1981 amendments -chapter II-1 and II-2 updated The 1983 amendments -revised chapter III The 1988 (April) amendments - post Herald of Free Enterprise The 1988 (October) amendments - stability of passenger ships The 1988 Protocol - HSSC The 1988 amendments - GMDSS The 1989 amendments - chapters II-1 and II-2 The 1990 amendments - subdivision and stability: probabilistic approach The 1991 amendments - revised chapter VI The April 1992 amendments - measures for existing ro-ro passenger ships The December 1992 amendments -fire safety of new passenger ships The May 1994 amendments (Conference) - Accelerated amendmentprocedure NewChapter IX - Management for the Safe Operation of Ships New Chapter X - Safety measures for high-speed craft New Chapter XI - Special measures to enhance maritime safety The May 1994 amendments (MSC) - emergency towing, ship reporting systems The December 1994 amendments - cargo code made mandatory The May 1995 amendments - ships routeing systems made mandatory The November 1995 amendments (Conference) - ro-ro safety post-Estonia The June 1996 amendments - revised chapter III The December 1996 amendments -new Fire Test Procedures Code The June 1997 amendments - Vessel Traffic Services regulation.

The November 1997 amendments (Conference) - New chapter XII bulk carrier safety The May 1998 amendments - amendments to chapters II-1, IV, VI The May 1999 amendments - INF Code made mandatory The May 2000 amendment - helicopter landing area The December 2000 amendments - VDRs, AIS made mandatory in revised chapter V, revised chapter II-1 The June 2001 amendments - ch VII, ch IX The May 2002 amendments - IMDG Code made mandatory The December 2002 amendments (Conference) - measures to enhance maritime security The December 2002 amendments - bulk carrier new regulations The June 2003 amendments - ch V May 2004 amendments - persons in distress at sea, accidents with lifeboats December 2004 amendments - bulk carriers, free-fall lifeboats, S-VDRs May 2005 amendments - revised chapter II-1 May 2006 amendments - LRIT May 2006 amendments - other issues December 2006 amendments - passenger ship safety The Protocol of 1978 Adoption: 17 February 1978 Entry into force: 1 May 1981 The 1978 Protocol was adopted at the International Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention, which was convened in response to a spate of tanker accidents in 1976-1977.

The conference adopted measures affecting tanker design and operation, which were incorporated into both the SOLAS Protocol of 1978 as well as the Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978 MARPOL Protocol). The 1978 SOLAS Protocol made a number of important changes to Chapter I, including the introduction of unscheduled inspections and/or mandatory annual surveys and the strengthening of port State control requirements. Chapter II-1, Chapter II-2 and Chapter V were also improved. The main amendments included the following: New crude oil carriers and product carriers of 20,000 dwt and above were required to be fitted with an inert gas system. An inert gas system became mandatory for existing crude oil carriers of 70,000 dwt and above by 1 May 1983, and by 1 May 1985 for ships of 20,000-70,000 dwt. In the case of crude oil carriers of 20-40,000 dwt there was provision for exemption by flag States where it was considered unreasonable or impracticable to fit an inert gas system and high-capacity fixed washing machines are not used. But an inert gas system is always required when crude oil washing is operated. An inert gas system was required on existing product carriers from 1 May 1983 and by 1 May 1985 for ships of 40-70,000 dwt and down to 20,000 dwt which were fitted with high capacity washing machines. In addition to requiring that all ships of 1,600 grt and above be fitted with radar, the Protocol required that all ships of 10,000 grt and above have two radars, each capable of being operated independently. All tankers of 10,000 grt and above to have two remote steering gear control systems, each operable separately from the navigating bridge. The main steering gear of new tankers of 10,000 grt and above to comprise two or more identical power units, and be capable of operating the rudder with one or more power units.

The 1981 amendments Adoption: 20 November 1981 Entry into force: 1 September 1984 Chapters II-1 and II-2 were re-written and updated. In Chapter II-1, the provisions of resolution A.325(IX) Recommendation concerning regulations for machinery and electrical installations in passenger and cargo ships (adopted in November 1975) were incorporated and made mandatory. Changes to regulations 29 and 30 on steering gear introduced the concept of duplication of steering gear control systems in tankers. These measures were agreed taking into account concerns following the 1978 Amoco Cadiz disaster and relevant provisions in the 1978 SOLAS Protocol. Chapter II-2 was re-arranged to take into account strengthened fire safety requirements for cargo ships and passenger ships. The revised Chapter II-2 incorporated the requirements of resolution A.327(IX) Recommendation concerning fire safety requirements for cargo ships, which included 21 regulations based on the principles of: separation of accommodation spaces from the remainder of the ship by thermal and structural boundaries; protection of means of escape; early detection, containment or extinction of any fire; and restricted use of combustible materials. Other amendments to Chapter II-2 related to provisions for halogenated hydrocarbon extinguishing systems, special requirements for ships carrying dangerous goods, and a new regulation 62 on inert gas systems.

Some important changes were also made to Chapter V, including the addition of new requirements concerning the carriage of shipborne navigational equipment, covering such matters as gyro and magnetic compasses; the mandatory carriage of two radars and of automatic radar plotting aids in ships of 10,000 grt and above; echo-sounders; devices to indicate speed and distance; rudder angle indicators; propeller revolution indicators; rate of turn indicators; radio-direction finding apparatus; and equipment for homing on the radiotelephone distress frequency. In addition, a few minor changes were made to Chapter III; seven regulations in Chapter IV were replaced, amended or added and a number of small changes were made to Chapter VII. The 1983 amendments Adoption: 17 June 1983 Entry into force: 1 July 1986 The most extensive changes involved Chapter III, which was completely rewritten. The Chapter in the 1974 Convention differed little from the texts which appeared in the 1960 and 1948 SOLAS Conventions and the amendments were designed not only to take into account the many technical advances which had taken place since then but also to expedite the evaluation and introduction of further improvements. There were also a few minor changes to Chapter II-1 and some further changes to Chapter II-2 (including improvements to the 1981 amendments) designed particularly to increase the safety of bulk carriers and passenger ships. Some small changes were made to Chapter IV.

Amendments to Chapter VII extended its application to chemical tankers and liquefied gas carriers by making reference to two new Codes, the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code) and the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code). Both apply to ships built on or after 1 July 1986. The 1988 (April) amendments Adoption: 21 April 1988 Entry into force: 22 October 1989 In March 1987 the car ferry Herald of Free Enterprise capsized shortly after leaving Zeebrugge in Belgium and sank with the loss of 193 lives. The United Kingdom proposed a series of measures designed to prevent a recurrence, the first package of which was adopted in April 1988.

They included new regulations 23-2 and 42-1 of Chapter II-1 intended to improve monitoring of doors and cargo areas and to improve emergency lighting. The 1988 (October) amendments Adoption: 28 October 1988 Entry into force: 29 April 1990 Some of these amendments also resulted from the Herald of Free Enterprise disaster and included details of how stability of passenger ships in a damaged condition should be determined and a requirement for all cargo loading doors to be locked before a ship leaves the berth. The amendments also made it compulsory for passenger ships to have a lightweight survey at least every five years to ensure their stability has not been adversely affected by the accumulation of extra weight or any alterations to the superstructure. Other amendments concerning the stability of passenger ships in the damaged condition were also adopted. These regulations had been in preparation before the Herald of Free Enterprise incident and their adoption was brought forward. The 1988 Protocol (HSSC) Adoption: 11 November 1988 Entry into force: 3 February 2000 The Protocol introduced a new harmonized system of surveys and certification (HSSC) to harmonize with two other Conventions, Load Lines and MARPOL 73/78. The aim is to alleviate problems caused by the fact that as requirements in the three instruments vary, ships may be obliged to go into dry-dock for a survey required by one convention shortly after being surveyed in connection with another. By enabling the required surveys to be carried out at the same time, the system is intended to reduce costs for shipowners and administrations alike. The 1988 (GMDSS) amendments Adoption: 11 November 1988 Entry into force: 1 February 1992 IMO had begun work on the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) in the 1970s and its introduction marked the biggest change to maritime communications since the invention of radio.

The amendments which replaced the existing Chapter IV phased in the introduction of the GMDSS in stages between 1993 and 1 February 1999. The basic concept of the system is that search and rescue authorities ashore, as well as ships in the vicinity, will be rapidly alerted in the event of an emergency. The GMDSS makes great use of the satellite communications provided by Inmarsat but also uses terrestrial radio. The equipment required by ships varies according to the sea area in which they operate - ships travelling to the high seas must carry more communications equipment than those which remain within reach of specified shore-based radio facilities. In addition to distress communications, the GMDSS also provides for the dissemination of general maritime safety information (such as navigational and meteorological warnings and urgent information to ships). The 1989 amendments Adoption: 11 April 1989 Entry into force: 1 February 1992 The main changes concern Chapter II-1 and II-2 of the Convention and deal with ships' construction and with fire protection, detection and extinction. In Chapter II-1, one of the most important amendments is designed to reduce the number and size of openings in watertight bulkheads in passenger ships and to ensure that they are closed in the event of an emergency.

In Chapter II-2, improvements were made to regulations concerning fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems, smoke detection systems, arrangements for fuel and other oils, the location and separation of spaces and several other regulations. The International Gas Carrier Code - which is mandatory under SOLAS - was also amended. The 1990 amendments Adoption: May 1990 Entry into force: 1 February 1992 Important changes were made to the way in which the subdivision and stability of dry cargo ships is determined. They apply to ships of 100 metres or more in length built on or after 1 February 1992. The amendments introduced a new part B-1 of Chapter II-1 containing subdivision and damage stability requirements for cargo ships based upon the so-called "probabilistic" concept of survival, which was originally developed through study of data relating to collisions collected by IMO.

This showed a pattern in accidents which could be used in improving the design of ships: most damage, for example, is sustained in the forward part of ships and it seemed logical, therefore, to improve the standard of subdivision there rather than towards the stern. Because it is based on statistical evidence as to what actually happens when ships collide, the probabilistic concept provides a far more realistic scenario than the earlier "deterministic" method, whose principles regarding the subdivision of passenger ships are theoretical rather than practical in concept. Amendments were also made to the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code) and the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code). The 1991 amendments Adoption: 24 May 1991 Entry into force: 1 January 1994 Chapter VI (Carriage of grain) was completely revised to extend it to include other cargoes and it was retitled Carriage of cargoes. The text is shorter, but the Chapter is backed up by two new Codes.

The International Grain Code is mandatory while the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing is recommended. The Chapter also refers to the Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes and the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes. In Chapter II-2, fire safety requirements for passenger ships were improved and other changes were made to Chapter III and Chapter V. The April 1992 amendments Adoption: 10 April 1992 Entry into force: 1 October 1994 New standards concerning the stability of existing ro-ro passenger ships after damage were included in amendments to Chapter II-1. They were based on measures to improve the damage stability of new ro-ro passenger ships which came into force on 29 April 1990 but were slightly modified. The measures were phased in over an 11-year period beginning 1 October 1994.

A number of other amendments to SOLAS were adopted, including improved fire safety measures for existing passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers, including mandatory requirements for smoke detection and alarm and sprinkler systems in accommodation and service spaces, stairway enclosures and corridors. Other improvements involved the provision of emergency lighting, general emergency alarm systems and other means of communication. Some of these measures became applicable for existing ships on 1 October 1994. Those dealing with smoke detection and alarm systems and sprinklers applied from 1 October 1997. Requirements concerning stairways of steel-frame construction, for fire-extinguishing systems in machinery spaces and for fire doors were mandatory from 1 October 2000. The April 1992 amendments were particularly important because they applied to existing ships. In the past, major changes to SOLAS had been restricted to new ships by so-called "grandfather clauses". The reason for this is that major changes involve expensive modifications to most ships, and there had previously been a reluctance to make such measures retroactive.

The December 1992 amendments Adoption: 11 December 1992 Entry into force: 1 October 1994 The most important amendments were concerned with the fire safety of new passenger ships. They made it mandatory for new ships (i.e. those built after 1 October 1994) carrying more than 36 passengers to be fitted with automatic sprinklers and a fire detection and alarm system centralized in a continuously-manned remote control station. Controls for the remote closing of fire doors and shutting down of ventilation fans must be located at the same place. New standards for the fire integrity of bulkheads and decks were introduced and improvements made to standards for corridors and stairways used as a means of escape in case of fire. Emergency lighting which can be used by passengers to identify escape routes is required. Other amendments affected the fire safety of ships carrying 36 passengers or less and also oil tanker fire safety. Three Codes were also amended. Amendments to the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code) and the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code) entered into force on 1 July 1994 and affect ships built after that date.

Amendments to the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code) entered into force on 1 July 1994. The Code is voluntary and applies to existing ships. The May 1994 amendments (Conference) Adoption: 24 May 1994 Entry into force: 1 January 1996 (Chapters X, XI) 1 July 1998 (Chapter IX) The Conference adopted three new SOLAS Chapters as well as a resolution on an accelerated amendment procedure. Accelerated amendment procedure The Conference adopted a resolution on an accelerated amendment procedure to be used in exceptional circumstances. It states that a Conference of Contracting Governments can reduce the period after which an amendment to the technical Chapters of the Convention (which excludes the articles and Chapter I) is deemed to have been accepted from 12 months to six months, in exceptional circumstances. Article VIII of SOLAS deals with the procedures for amending the Convention.

The existing text says that proposed amendments have to be circulated to Governments at least six months prior to adoption and cannot enter into force until at least 18 months after adoption. This makes a total of 24 months, from circulation (six months), through adoption, to deemed acceptance date (12 months after adoption), to entry into force (six months after deemed acceptance date). The resolution adopted by the conference states that the circulation period will remain at six months as will the period between the date on which the amendment is deemed to have been accepted and the date of entry into force. But the period between adoption and deemed acceptance date can be reduced to six months from 12. The total period between circulation of an amendment and its entry into force could thus be reduced from 24 months to 18 - in exceptional circumstances.

Chapter IX: Management for the Safe Operation of Ships This new Chapter to the Convention was designed to make mandatory the International Safety Management Code, which was adopted by IMO in November 1993 (Assembly resolution A.741(18)). The amendments introducing the new Chapter IX entered into force on 1 July 1998. The Chapter applies to passenger ships and tankers from that date and to cargo ships and mobile drilling units of 500 gross tonnage and above from 1 July 2002. The Code establishes safety management objectives which are: - to provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment; - to establish safeguards against all identified risks; - to continuously improve safety management skills of personnel, including preparing for emergencies. The Code requires a safety management system (SMS) to be established by "the Company", which is defined as the shipowner or any person, such as the manager or bareboat charterer, who has assumed responsibility for operating the ship. The company is then required to establish and implement a policy for achieving these objectives. This includes providing the necessary resources and shore-based support.

Every company is expected "to designate a person or persons ashore having direct access to the highest level of management". The procedures required by the ISM Code should be documented and compiled in a Safety Management Manual, a copy of which should be kept on board. Chapter X: Safety Measures for High Speed Craft The new Chapter made mandatory the International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft. Chapter XI: Special Measures to Enhance Safety: The new Chapter entered into force on 1 January 1996. Regulation 1 states that organizations entrusted by an Administration with the responsibility for carrying out surveys and inspections shall comply with the guidelines adopted by IMO in resolution A.739(18) in November 1993. Regulation 2 extends to bulk carriers aged five years and above, the enhanced programme of surveys applicable to tankers under MARPOL 73/78. The enhanced surveys should be carried out during the periodical, annual and intermediate surveys prescribed by the MARPOL and SOLAS Conventions. The related guidelines on enhanced surveys pay special attention to corrosion. Coatings and tank corrosion prevention systems must be thoroughly checked and measurements must also be carried out to check the thickness of plates.

Regulation 3 provides that all passenger ships of 100 gross tonnage and above and all cargo ships of 300 gross tonnage and above shall be provided with an identification number conforming to the IMO ship identification number scheme, as adopted by resolution A.600(15) in 1987. Regulation 4 makes it possible for port State control officers inspecting foreign ships to check operational requirements "when there are clear grounds for believing that the master or crew are not familiar with essential shipboard procedures relating to the safety of ships" Reference is made to resolution A.742(18), adopted in November 1993. The resolution acknowledges the need for port States to be able to monitor not only the way in which foreign ships comply with IMO standards but also to be able to assess "the ability of ships' crews in respect of operational requirements relevant to their duties, especially with regard to passenger ships and ships which may present a special hazard" The "clear grounds" referred to are defined in the annex to the resolution. They include such factors as operational shortcomings, cargo operations not being conducted properly, the involvement of the ship in incidents caused by operational mistakes, absence of an up-to-date muster list and indications that crew members may not be able to communicate with each other. Port State control inspections are normally limited to checking certificates and documents. But if certificates are not valid or if there are clear grounds for believing that the condition of the ship or of its equipment, or its crew, does not substantially meet the requirements of a relevant instrument, a more detailed inspection may be carried out.

The operations and procedures selected for special attention include ascertaining that crew members are aware of their duties as indicated in the muster list; communications; fire and abandon ship drills; familiarity with the ship's damage control and fire control plans; bridge, cargo and machinery operations; and ability to understand manuals and other instructions. The May 1994 amendments Adoption: 25 May 1994 Entry into force: 1 January 1996 Three new regulations were added to Chapter V: Regulation 15.1 required all tankers of 20,000 dwt and above built after 1 January 1996 to be fitted with an emergency towing arrangement to be fitted at both ends of the ship. Tankers built before that date had to be fitted with a similar arrangement not later than 1 January 1999. Regulation 22 was aimed at improving navigation bridge visibility. Regulation 8.1 made mandatory the use of ship reporting systems approved by IMO. General principles for ship reporting systems were previously adopted by IMO in 1989 as a recommendation. The systems are used to provide, gather or exchange information through radio reports.

The regulation made it mandatory for ships entering areas covered by ship reporting systems to report in to the coastal authorities giving details of sailing plans. In Chapter II-2 improvements were made to regulation 15, which deals with fire protection arrangements for fuel oil, lubrication oil and other flammable oils. Amendments to the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code) and the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases (Gas Carrier Code) relate to the filling limits for cargo tanks. The December 1994 amendments Adoption: 9 December 1994 Entry into force: 1 July 1996 In Chapter VI (Carriage of Cargoes), the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing was made mandatory. The Code was adopted as a recommendation in 1991. The amendments made it mandatory to provide the cargo information required by the Code and for cargo units, including containers, to be loaded, stowed and secured in accordance with a manual that must be at least equivalent to the Code.

The Code was also made mandatory under Chapter VII (Carriage of dangerous goods). The May 1995 amendments Adoption: 16 May 1995 Entry into force: 1 January 1997 Regulation 8 of Chapter V was amended to make ships' routeing systems compulsory. Governments are responsible for submitting proposals for ships' routeing systems to IMO in accordance with amendments to the General Provisions on Ships' Routeing, which were adopted at the same time. The November 1995 amendments (Conference) Adopted: 29 November 1995 Entry into force: 1 July 1997 The conference adopted a series of amendments to SOLAS, based on proposals put forward by the Panel of Experts on the safety of roll on-roll off passenger ships which was established in December 1994 following the sinking of the ferry Estonia.

The most important changes relate to the stability of ro-ro passenger ships in Chapter II-1. The SOLAS 90 damage stability standard, which had applied to all ro-ro passenger ships built since 1990, was extended to existing ships in accordance with an agreed phase-in programme. Ships that only meet 85% of the standard had to comply fully by 1 October 1998 and those meeting 97.5% or above, by 1 October 2005. (The SOLAS 90 standard refers to the damage stability standard in the 1988 (October) amendments to SOLAS adopted 28 October 1988 and entering into force on 29 April 1990.) The conference also adopted a new regulation 8-2, containing special requirements for ro-ro passenger ships carrying 400 passengers or more. This is intended to phase out ships built to a one-compartment standard and ensure that they can survive without capsizing with two main compartments flooded following damage. Amendments to other Chapters in the SOLAS Convention included changes to Chapter III, which deals with life saving appliances and arrangements, including the addition of a section requiring ro-ro passenger ships to be fitted with public address systems, a regulation providing improved requirements for life-saving appliances and arrangements and a requirement for all passenger ships to have full information on the details of passengers on board and requirements for the provision of a helicopter pick-up or landing area.

Other amendments were made to Chapter IV (radiocommunications); Chapter V (safety of navigation) - including a requirement that all ro-ro passenger ships should have an established working language - and Chapter VI (carriage of cargoes). The conference also adopted a resolution which permits regional arrangements to be made on special safety requirements for ro-ro passenger ships. The June 1996 amendments Adoption: 4 June 1996 Entry into force: 1 July 1998 A completely revised Chapter III on life-saving appliances and arrangements was adopted. The amendments take into account changes in technology since the Chapter had been last re-written in 1983. Many of the technical requirements were transferred to a new International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code, applicable to all ships built on or after 1 July 1998. Some of the amendments apply to existing ships as well as new ones.

Other SOLAS Chapters were also amended. In Chapter II-1, a new part A-1 dealing with the structure of ships was added. Regulation 3-1 requires ships to be designed, constructed and maintained in compliance with structural requirements of a recognized classification society or with applicable requirements by the Administration. Regulation 3-2 deals with corrosion prevention of seawater ballast tanks and other amendments to Chapter II-1 concern the stability of passenger and cargo ships in the damaged condition. In Chapter VI, Regulation 7 was replaced by a new text dealing with the loading, unloading and stowage of bulk cargoes. It is intended to ensure that no excessive stress is placed on the ship's structure during such operations. The ship must be provided with a booklet giving advice on cargo handling operations and the master and terminal representative must agree on a plan to ensure that loading and unloading is carried out safely. In Chapter XI, an amendment was made regarding authorization of recognized organizations. The International Bulk Chemicals (IBC) and Bulk Chemicals (BCH) Codes were also amended.

The IBC Code is mandatory under SOLAS and applies to ships carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk that were built after 1 July 1986. The BCH is recommended and applies to ships built before that date. The December 1996 amendments Adoption: 6 December 1996 Entry into force: 1 July 1998 Chapter II-2 was considerably modified, with changes to the general introduction, Part B (fire safety measures for passenger ships), Part C (fire safety measures for cargo ships) and Part D (fire safety measures for tankers). The changes made mandatory a new International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures intended to be used by Administrations when approving products for installation in ships flying their flag. Amendments to Chapter II-1 included a requirement for ships to be fitted with a system to ensure that the equipment necessary for propulsion and steering are maintained or immediately restored in the case of loss of any one of the generators in service. An amendment to Chapter V aims to ensure that the crew can gain safe access to the ship's bow, even in severe weather conditions.

Amendments were also made to two regulations in Chapter VII relating to carriage of dangerous goods and the IBC Code was also amended. The June 1997 amendments Adoption: 4 June 1997 Entry into force: 1 July 1999 The amendments included a new Regulation 8.2 on Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) in Chapter V. VTS are traffic management systems, for example those used in busy straits. This Regulation sets out when VTS can be implemented. It says Vessel Traffic Services should be designed to contribute to the safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of navigation and the protection of the marine environment, adjacent shore areas, worksites and offshore installations from possible adverse effects of maritime traffic. Governments may establish VTS when, in their opinion, the volume of traffic or the degree of risk justifies such services. But no VTS should prejudice the "rights and duties of governments under international law" and a VTS may only be made mandatory in sea areas within a State's territorial waters.

In Chapter II-1, a new regulation 8.3 on "Special requirements for passenger ships, other than ro-ro passenger ships, carrying 400 persons or more" effectively makes these ships comply with the special requirements for ro-ro passenger ships in Regulation 8.2 which were adopted in November 1995. The special requirements are aimed at ensuring the ships can survive without capsizing with two main compartments flooded following damage. The November 1997 amendments (Conference) Adoption: 27 November 1997 Entry into force: 1 July 1999 The Conference adopted a Protocol adding a new Chapter XII to the Convention entitled Additional Safety Measures for Bulk Carriers. The regulations state that all new bulk carriers 150 metres or more in length (built after 1 July 1999) carrying cargoes with a density of 1,000 kg/m3 and above should have sufficient strength to withstand flooding of any one cargo hold, taking into account dynamic effects resulting from presence of water in the hold and taking into account the recommendations adopted by IMO. For existing ships (built before 1 July 1999) carrying bulk cargoes with a density of 1,780 kg/m3 and above, the transverse watertight bulkhead between the two foremost cargo holds and the double bottom of the foremost cargo hold should have sufficient strength to withstand flooding and the related dynamic effects in the foremost cargo hold. Cargoes with a density of 1,780 kg/m3 and above (heavy cargoes) include iron ore, pig iron, steel, bauxite and cement. Lighter cargoes, but with a density of more than 1,000 kg/m3, include grains such as wheat and rice, and timber.

The amendments take into account a study into bulk carrier survivability carried out by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) at the request of IMO. IACS found that if a ship is flooded in the forward hold, the bulkhead between the two foremost holds may not be able to withstand the pressure that results from the sloshing mixture of cargo and water, especially if the ship is loaded in alternate holds with high density cargoes (such as iron ore). If the bulkhead between one hold and the next collapses, progressive flooding could rapidly occur throughout the length of the ship and the vessel would sink in a matter of minutes. IACS concluded that the most vulnerable areas are the bulkhead between numbers one and two holds at the forward end of the vessel and the double bottom of the ship at this location. During special surveys of ships, particular attention should be paid to these areas and, where necessary, reinforcements should be carried out. The criteria and formulae used to assess whether a ship currently meets the new requirements, for example in terms of the thickness of the steel used for bulkhead structures, or whether reinforcement is necessary, are laid out in IMO standards adopted by the 1997 Conference.

Under Chapter XII, surveyors can take into account restrictions on the cargo carried in considering the need for, and the extent of, strengthening of the transverse watertight bulkhead or double bottom. When restrictions on cargoes are imposed, the bulk carrier should be permanently marked with a solid triangle on its side shell. The date of application of the new Chapter to existing bulk carriers depends on their age. Bulk carriers which are 20 years old and over on 1 July 1999 have to comply by the date of the first intermediate or periodic survey after that date, whichever is sooner. Bulk carriers aged 15-20 years must comply by the first periodical survey after 1 July 1999, but not later than 1 July 2002. Bulk carriers less than 15 years old must comply by the date of the first periodical survey after the ship reaches 15 years of age, but not later than the date on which the ship reaches 17 years of age. The May 1998 amendments Adoption: 18 May 1998 Entry into force: 1 July 2002 Amendments were made to regulation 14 on Construction and initial testing of watertight bulkheads, etc., in passenger ships and cargo ships in Chapter II-1.

Paragraph 3 is replaced to allow visual examination of welded connections, where filling with water or a hose test are not practicable. In Chapter IV, the amendments included: - a new regulation 5-1 requiring Contracting Governments to ensure suitable arrangements are in place for registering Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) identities (including ship's call sign, Inmarsat identities) and making the information available 24 hours a day to Rescue Co-ordination Centres; - a new paragraph 9 to regulation 15 Maintenance requirements covering testing intervals for satellite emergency position indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs); - a new regulation 18 on Position updating requiring automatic provision of information regarding the ship's position where two-way communication equipment is capable of providing automatically the ship's position in the distress alert. Amendments in Chapter VI to paragraph 6 of regulation 5 Stowage and securing make it clear that "all cargoes, other than solid and liquid bulk cargoes" should be loaded, stowed and secured in accordance with the Cargo Securing Manual. A similar amendment was adopted for Regulation 6 of Chapter VII, also covering Stowage and securing.

The May 1999 amendments Adoption: 27 May 1999 Entry into force: 1 January 2001 Amendments to Chapter VII make the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships (INF Code) mandatory. The INF Code sets out how the material covered by the Code should be carried, including specifications for ships. The material covered by the code includes: - Irradiated nuclear fuel - material containing uranium, thorium and/or plutonium isotopes which has been used to maintain a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. - Plutonium - the resultant mixture of isotopes of that material extracted from irradiated nuclear fuel from reprocessing - High-level radioactive wastes - liquid wastes resulting from the operation of the first stage extraction system or the concentrated wastes from subsequent extraction stages, in a facility for reprocessing irradiated fuel, or solids into which such liquid wastes have been converted.

The INF Code applies to all ships regardless of the date of construction and size, including cargo ships of less than 500 gross tonnage, engaged in the carriage of INF cargo. The INF Code does not apply to warships, naval auxiliary or other ships used only on government non-commercial service, although Administrations are expected to ensure such ships are in compliance with the Code. Specific regulations in the Code cover a number of issues, including: damage stability, fire protection, temperature control of cargo spaces, structural consideration, cargo securing arrangements, electrical supplies, radiological protection equipment and management, training and shipboard emergency plans. Ships carrying INF cargo are assigned to one of three classes, depending on the total radioactivity of INF cargo which is carried on board, and regulations vary slightly according to the Class: Class INF 1 ship - Ships which are certified to carry INF cargo with an aggregate activity less than 4,000 TBq (TeraBecquerel - measurement of radioactivity). Class INF 2 ship.

Ships which are certified to carry irradiated nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive wastes with an aggregate activity less than 2 x 106 TBq and ships which are certified to carry plutonium with an aggregate activity less than 2 x 105 TBq. Class INF 3 ship - Ships which are certified to carry irradiated nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive wastes and ships which are certified to carry plutonium with no restriction of the maximum aggregate activity of the materials.

The INF Code was first adopted as a recommendatory Code by the eighteenth session of the Assembly on 4 November 1993 (resolution A.748(18)). The twentieth session of the Assembly adopted amendments to the INF Code to include specific requirements for shipboard emergency plans and notification in the event of an incident (resolution A.853(20), adopted on 27 November 1997). The Maritime Safety Committee also adopted a redrafted text of the INF Code incorporating amendments reflecting its mandatory nature. The May 2000 amendment Adoption: 26 May 2000 Entry into force: 1 January 2002 SOLAS Chapter III, regulation 28.2 for helicopter landing areas is amended to require a helicopter landing area only for ro-ro passenger ships. Regulation 28.1 of SOLAS Chapter III requires all ro-ro passenger ships to be provided with a helicopter pick-up area and existing ro-ro passenger ships were required to comply with this regulation not later than the first periodical survey after 1 July 1997.

The requirement for a helicopter landing area for all passenger ships of 130 metres in length and upwards was deferred to 1 July 1999 but it was decided to amend the regulation to make this requirement applicable to ro-ro passenger ships only. The December 2000 amendments Adoption: 6 December 2000 Entry into force: 1 July 2002 A number of amendments were adopted. A revised SOLAS chapter V (Safety of Navigation) brings in a new mandatory requirement for voyage data recorders voyage data recorders (VDRs) to assist in accident investigations. Regulation 20 requires the following ships to fit VDRs: - passenger ships constructed on or after 1 July 2002; - ro-ro passenger ships constructed before 1 July 2002 not later than the first survey on or after 1 July 2002; - passenger ships other than ro-ro passenger ships constructed before 1 July 2002 not later than 1 January 2004; and - ships, other than passenger ships, of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after 1 July 2002.

The new chapter also requires automatic identification systems (AIS), capable of providing information about the ship to other ships and to coastal authorities automatically, to be fitted aboard all ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards engaged on international voyages, cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards not engaged on international voyages and passenger ships irrespective of size built on or after 1 July 2002. It also applies to ships engaged on international voyages constructed before 1 July 2002, according to the following timetable: - passenger ships, not later than 1 July 2003; - tankers, not later than the first survey for safety equipment on or after 1 July 2003; - ships, other than passenger ships and tankers, of 50,000 gross tonnage and upwards, not later than 1 July 2004; - ships, other than passenger ships and tankers, of 10,000 gross tonnage and upwards but less than 50,000 gross tonnage, not later than 1 July 2005; - ships, other than passenger ships and tankers, of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards but less than 10,000 gross tonnage, not later than 1 July 2006; and - ships, other than passenger ships and tankers, of 300 gross tonnage and upwards but less than 3,000 gross tonnage, not later than 1 July 2007. Note: the phase-in schedule for AIS on ships 300 gross tonnage and upwards was amended by the 2002 amendments to a final date of 2004 (see below).

Amendments to SOLAS chapter X (Safety measures for high-speed craft) make mandatory for new ships the High-Speed Craft Code 2000. The 2000 HSC Code updates the mandatory High-Speed Craft Code adopted in 1994. The 2000 HSC will apply to all HSC built after the date of entry into force, 1 July 2002. The original HSC Code was adopted by IMO in May 1994, but the rapid pace of development in this sector of shipping has meant an early revision of the Code. The original Code will continue to apply to existing high-speed craft. The changes incorporated in the new Code are intended to bring it into line with amendments to SOLAS and new recommendations that have been adopted in the past four years - for example, requirements covering public address systems and helicopter pick-up areas A revised SOLAS chapter II-2 (Construction, - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction) as well as a new International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS Code) were adopted. The revised chapter is intended to be clear, concise and user-friendly, incorporating the substantial changes introduced in recent years following a number of serious fire casualties. The revised chapter includes seven parts, each including requirements applicable to all or specified ship types, while the Fire Safety Systems (FSS) Code, which is made mandatory under the new chapter, includes detailed specifications for fire safety systems in 15 Chapters.

A new regulation in SOLAS Chapter II-1 (Construction - Structure, subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations) prohibits the new installation of materials which contain asbestos on all ships. The new regulation 3-5 is included in SOLAS Chapter II-1 (Construction - Structure, Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations. Amendments to the 1988 SOLAS Protocol include amendments to reflect the changes to SOLAS chapter V, such as the details of navigational systems and equipment referred to in the records of equipment attached to certificates. Amendments to the International Code for the Application of Fire Test Procedures (FTP Code) add new parts 10 and 11 to annex 1 on Test for fire-restricting material for high-speed craft and test for fire-resisting divisions of high-speed craft. Amendments to the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code) and the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code) relate to cargo hose requirements, protection of personnel and carriage of carbon disulphide. Entry into force 1 July 2002.

Amendments to the International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) include the replacement of Chapter 13 Certification, verification and control with chapters 13 Certification; and adding of chapters 14 Interim Certification; 15 Forms of Certificate; and 16 Verification; as well as a new appendix giving forms of documents and certificates. Amendments to the Code for the Construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk (BCH Code) relate to ship's cargo hoses, tank vent systems, safety equipment, operational requirements; and amendments to the Code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk (GC Code) relate to ship's cargo hoses, personnel protection and operating requirements. The June 2001 Amendments Adoption: June 2001 Entry into force: 1 January 2003 Amendments to Chapter VII - Carriage of Dangerous Goods - and to the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships (INF Code) to align them with Amendment 30 to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code. Also amendments to the International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft (1994 HSC Code) to bring the provisions for navigational equipment of the 1994 HSC Code in line with the relevant provisions of the 2000 HSC Code (which enters into force on 1 July 2002 for ships built after that date).

In particular the amendments relate to carriage of voyage data recorders and carriage of automatic identification systems (AIS). The May 2002 amendments Adoption: 24 May 2002 Entry into force: 1 January 2004 The amendments to chapter SOLAS VII (Carriage of Dangerous Goods) make the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) mandatory and separated requirements for packaged goods and goods in solid form in bulk into two Parts A and A-1. The IMDG Code was adopted in a mandatory form. However, the provisions of the following parts of the Code will remain recommendatory: - chapter 1.3 (Training); - chapter 2.1 (Explosives, Introductory Notes 1 to 4 only); - chapter 2.3, section 2.3.3 (Determination of flashpoint only); - chapter 3.2 (columns 15 and 17 of the Dangerous Goods List only); - chapter 3.5 (Transport schedule for Class 7 radioactive material only); - chapter 5.4, section 5.4.5 (Multimodal dangerous goods form), insofar as layout of the form is concerned; and - chapter 7.3 (Special requirements in the event of an incident and fire precautions involving dangerous goods only). In practice, this means that from the legal point of view, the whole of the IMDG Code is made mandatory, but provisions of recommendatory nature are editorially expressed in the Code (e.g. using the word "should" instead of "shall") to clarify their status. The mandatory IMDG Code incorporates certain changes relating to specific products, as well as relevant elements of the amendments to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations adopted by the UN Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods at its twenty-first session in Geneva from 4 to 13 December 2000.

Also, amendments to the 1978 SOLAS Protocol, make changes to the Record of Equipment for the Passenger Ship Safety Certificate (Form P); Record of Equipment for the Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate (Form R); and Record of Equipment for the Cargo Ship Safety Certificate (Form C). The December 2002 amendments (Conference) - Measures to enhance maritime security Adoption: 13 December 2002 Entry into force: 1 July 2004 The amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention were adopted by a Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Security and are aimed at enhancing maritime security on board ships and at ship/port interface areas. Among other things, these amendments create a new SOLAS chapter dealing specifically with maritime security, which in turn contains the mandatory requirement for ships to comply with the the new International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code). The Code contains detailed security-related requirements for Governments, port authorities and shipping companies in a mandatory section (Part A), together with a series of guidelines about how to meet these requirements in a second, non-mandatory section (Part B).

The Conference also adopted a series of resolutions designed to add weight to the amendments, encourage the application of the measures to ships and port facilities not covered by the Code and pave the way for future work on the subject.. Modifications to Chapter V (Safety of Navigation) contain a new timetable for the fitting of Automatic Information Systems (AIS). Ships, other than passenger ships and tankers, of 300 gross tonnage and upwards but less than 50,000 gross tonnage, will be required to fit AIS not later than the first safety equipment survey after 1 July 2004 or by 31 December 2004, whichever occurs earlier. Ships fitted with AIS shall maintain AIS in operation at all times except where international agreements, rules or standards provide for the protection of navigational information." The existing SOLAS Chapter XI (Special measures to enhance maritime safety) has been re-numbered as Chapter XI-1. Regulation XI-1/3 is modified to require ships' identification numbers to be permanently marked in a visible place either on the ship's hull or superstructure. Passenger ships should carry the marking on a horizontal surface visible from the air. Ships should also be marked with their ID numbers internally. And a new regulation XI-1/5 requires ships to be issued with a Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR) which is intended to provide an on-board record of the history of the ship. The CSR shall be issued by the Administration and shall contain information such as the name of the ship and of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly, the date on which the ship was registered with that State, the ship's identification number, the port at which the ship is registered and the name of the registered owner(s) and their registered address. Any changes shall be recorded in the CSR so as to provide updated and current information together with the history of the changes. New Chapter XI-2 (Special measures to enhance maritime security) A brand-new Chapter XI-2 (Special measures to enhance maritime security) is added after the renumbered Chapter XI-1.

This chapter applies to passenger ships and cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards, including high speed craft, mobile offshore drilling units and port facilities serving such ships engaged on international voyages. Regulation XI-2/2 of the new chapter enshrines the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code (ISPS Code). Part A of this Code is mandatory and part B contains guidance as to how best to comply with the mandatory requirements. The regulation requires Administrations to set security levels and ensure the provision of security level information to ships entitled to fly their flag. Prior to entering a port, or whilst in a port, within the territory of a Contracting Government, a ship shall comply with the requirements for the security level set by that Contracting Government, if that security level is higher than the security level set by the Administration for that ship. Regulation XI-2/8 confirms the role of the Master in exercising his professional judgement over decisions necessary to maintain the security of the ship. It says he shall not be constrained by the Company, the charterer or any other person in this respect. Regulation XI-2/6 requires all ships to be provided with a ship security alert system, according to a strict timetable that will see most vessels fitted by 2004 and the remainder by 2006. When activated the ship security alert system shall initiate and transmit a ship-to-shore security alert to a competent authority designated by the Administration, identifying the ship, its location and indicating that the security of the ship is under threat or it has been compromised. The system will not raise any alarm on-board the ship. The ship security alert system shall be capable of being activated from the navigation bridge and in at least one other location.

Regulation XI-2/10 covers requirements for port facilities, providing among other things for Contracting Governments to ensure that port facility security assessments are carried out and that port facility security plans are developed, implemented and reviewed in accordance with the ISPS Code. Other regulations in this chapter cover the provision of information to IMO, the control of ships in port, (including measures such as the delay, detention, restriction of operations including movement within the port, or expulsion of a ship from port), and the specific responsibility of Companies.

The December 2002 amendments (by the expanded MSC) Adoption: 12 December 2002 Entry into force: 1 July 2004 Chapter XII (Additional Safety Measures for Bulk Carriers) . New regulation XII/12 on Hold, ballast and dry space water level detectors require the fitting of high level alarms and level monitoring systems on all bulk carriers, in order to detect water ingress. The regulation requires the fitting of such alarms on all bulk carriers regardless of their date of construction. . New regulation XII/13 on Availability of pumping systems would require the means for draining and pumping dry space bilges and ballast tanks any part of which is located forward of the collision bulkhead to be capable of being brought into operation from a readily accessible enclosed space. SOLAS chapter II-1 (Construction - structure, subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations) . In Part B (Subdivision and stability), new regulation II-1/3-6 Access to spaces in cargo areas of oil tankers and bulk carriers is intended to ensure that vessels can be properly inspected throughout their lifespan, by designing and building the ship to provide suitable means for access. Associated Technical provisions for means of access for inspections are mandatory under the regulation. Without adequate access, the structural condition of the vessel can deteriorate undetected and major structural failure can arise. The regulation requires each space within the cargo area to be provided with an appropriate means of access to enable, throughout the life of a ship, overall and close-up inspections and thickness measurements of the ship's structures to be carried out by the Administration, the Company, and the ship's personnel and others as necessary.

In Part C (Machinery Installation), new paragraph added to regulation 31 - Machinery control, to require automation systems to be designed in a manner which ensures that threshold warning of impending or imminent slowdown or shutdown of the propulsion system is given to the officer in charge of the navigational watch in time to assess navigational circumstances in an emergency. Chapter II-2 (Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction) . The amendments concern references to the IMDG Code and reflect amendments to SOLAS chapter VII (Carriage of Dangerous Goods) adopted in May 2002 which make the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) mandatory. Chapter III - Life-saving appliances and arrangements . The amendments to Regulation 26 - Additional requirements for ro-ro passenger ships, requires liferafts carried on ro-ro passenger ships to be fitted with a radar transponder in the ratio of one transponder for every four liferafts. The regulation is made applicable to existing ships as well as new ships. Also adopted, amendments to the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on board Ships (INF Code) - The amendments in the sections on definitions and application reflect amendments to SOLAS chapter VII (Carriage of Dangerous Goods) adopted in May 2002 which make the IMDG Code mandatory.

The June 2003 amendments Adoption: June 2003 Entry into force: 1 July 2006 Chapter V - Safety of Navigation Amendments to SOLAS regulations V/2 Definitions and V/22 Navigation Bridge Visibility add the definition of "length" to regulation V/2 and a consequential editorial change is made to regulation V/22. The definition states that "length of a ship means its length overall". Amendments to SOLAS regulation V/28 on Records of navigational activities add a new paragraph on daily reporting. The amendment will require all ships of 500 gross tonnage and above, engaged on international voyages exceeding 48 hours, to submit a daily report to their company, to include ship's position; ship's course and speed; and details of any external or internal conditions that are affecting the ship's voyage or the normal safe operation of the ship. The aim of the amendments is to address the responsibilities of ship operators to provide information of benefit to those responsible for mounting rescue operations.

The May 2004 amendments Adoption: May 2004 Entry into force: 1 January 2006 Access to and within spaces in the cargo area of oil tankers and bulk carriers - Amendments to regulation II-1/3-6 mainly to allow the provision of non-permanent means of access onboard ships (the requirements for provision of permanent means of access were introduced in the December 2002 amendments). Entry into force: 1 July 2006 Persons in distress at sea Amendments to chapter V (Safety of Navigation) - to add a definition of search and rescue services; to set an obligation to provide assistance, regardless of nationality or status of persons in distress, and mandate co-ordination and co-operation between States to assist the ship's master in delivering persons rescued at sea to a place of safety; and to add a new regulation on master's discretion. Accidents with lifeboats Amendments to SOLAS chapter III (Life-saving appliances and arrangements) which are intended to help prevent accidents with lifeboats during drills. The amendments, which are expected to enter into force on 1 July 2006, stem from work by the Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Equipment (DE) intended to address the unacceptably high number of accidents with lifeboats that have been occurring over recent years. Crew have been injured, sometimes fatally, while participating in lifeboat drills and/or inspections. The amendments to Regulation 19 (Emergency training and drills) and Regulation 20 (Operational readiness, maintenance and inspections) concern the conditions in which lifeboat emergency training and drills should be conducted and introduce changes to the operational tests to be conducted during the weekly and monthly inspections, so as not to require the assigned crew to be on board in all cases.

Carriage of immersion suits Amendments to SOLAS chapter III Regulation 32 - Personal life-saving appliances to make changes to the number of immersion suits to be carried on all cargo ships. The amendments introduce carriage requirements for one immersion suit per person on board all cargo ships, including bulk carriers. At present, the regulation requires carriage of at least three immersion suits for each lifeboat on a cargo ship, as well as thermal protective aids for persons not provided with immersion suits. With the adoption of the amendments, immersion suits become, as lifejackets, a personal life-saving appliance for each person on board thus offering better thermal protection and improved chance of survival and rescue. The MSC also adopted consequential amendments to the 1988 SOLAS Protocol relating to the records of equipment. IMDG Code amendments Amendments to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code update several sections of the Code relating to the carriage of dangerous goods and also include a new chapter 1.4 on Security Provisions intended to address the security of dangerous goods being transported by sea.

The amendments are expected to enter into force on 1 January 2006, but may be applied on a voluntary basis from 1 January 2005. December 2004 amendments Adoption: December 2004 Entry into fore: 1 July 2006 Bulk carrier safety A new text for SOLAS chapter XII (Additional safety measures for bulk carriers) incorporates revisions to some regulations and new requirements relating to double-side skin bulk carriers. The amendments include the addition of a new regulation 14 on restrictions from sailing with any hold empty and requirements for double-side skin construction as an optional alternative to single-side skin construction. The option of double-side skin construction will apply to new bulk carriers of 150m in length and over, carrying solid bulk cargoes having a density of 1,000 kg/m3 and above. Free-fall lifeboats on bulk carriers an amendment to regulation 31 in SOLAS chapter III (Life-saving appliances and arrangements) makes mandatory the carriage of free-fall lifeboats on bulk carriers. Simplified Voyage Data Recorders Amendments to regulation 20 of SOLAS chapter V (Safety of Navigation) give a phased-in carriage requirement for a shipborne simplified voyage data recorder (S-VDR). The regulation requires a VDR, which may be an S-VDR, to be fitted on existing cargo ships of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards, phasing in the requirement for cargo ships of 20,000 gross tonnage and upwards first, to be followed by cargo ships of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards.

The S-VDR is not required to store the same level of detailed data as a standard VDR, but nonetheless should maintain a store, in a secure and retrievable form, of information concerning the position, movement, physical status, command and control of a vessel over the period leading up to and following an incident. May 2005 amendments Adoption: May 2005 Entry into force: 1 January 2007/1 January 2009 A revised SOLAS chapter II-1 was adopted with entry into force set for 1 January 2009. The revision of SOLAS chapter II-1 is intended to harmonize the provisions on subdivision and damage stability for passenger and cargo ships. The revised provisions in parts A, B and B-1 will be applicable to new ships built after the expected entry into force date of 1 January 2009. The amendments, which have been intensively developed over the past decade, are based on the "probabilistic" method of determining damage stability, which is itself based on the detailed study of data collected by IMO relating to collisions. Because it is based on statistical evidence concerning what actually happens when ships collide, the probabilistic concept is believed to be far more realistic than the previously-used "deterministic" method. The revision has taken into account the results of the HARDER (Harmonisation of Rules and Design Rational) research project: a project undertaken by a consortium of European industrial, research and academic institutions to study the probabilistic approach for assessing a ship's damage stability and to develop new criteria and indexes for subdivision based on probability of survival, taking into account effects from waves, heeling moments, cargo shift, transient effects and equalization arrangements.

Other amendments to SOLAS, with an expected entry into force date of 1 January 2007, including: . New SOLAS regulation II-1/3-7 to require ship construction drawings to be maintained on board and ashore. . New SOLAS regulation II-1/3-8 concerning towing and mooring equipment. The regulation will require all ships to be provided with arrangements, equipment and fittings of sufficient safe working load to enable the safe conduct of all towing and mooring operations associated with the normal operation of the ship. . New SOLAS regulation II-1/23-3 concerning water level detectors in the cargo hold(s) on new single hold cargo ships other than bulk carriers.

Amendment to SOLAS regulation II-1/31 Machinery control to restrict the application of propulsion control automation systems to new ships only. Also, with expected entry into force of 1 January 2009, new SOLAS regulations XI-1/3-1 and amendments to regulation XI-1/5 on the mandatory company and registered owner identification number. May 2006 amendments LRIT Adoption: May 2006 Entry into force: 1 January 2008 The new regulation on LRIT is included in SOLAS chapter V on Safety of Navigation, through which LRIT will be introduced as a mandatory requirement for the following ships on international voyages: passenger ships, including high-speed craft; cargo ships, including high-speed craft, of 300 gross tonnage and upwards; and mobile offshore drilling units. The SOLAS regulation on LRIT establishes a multilateral agreement for sharing LRIT information for security and search and rescue purposes, amongst SOLAS Contracting Governments, in order to meet the maritime security needs and other concerns of such Governments. It maintains the right of flag States to protect information about the ships entitled to fly their flag, where appropriate, while allowing coastal States access to information about ships navigating off their coasts. The SOLAS regulation on LRIT does not create or affirm any new rights of States over ships beyond those existing in international law, particularly, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), nor does it alter or affect the rights, jurisdiction, duties and obligations of States in connection with UNCLOS. The LRIT information ships will be required to transmit include the ship's identity, location and date and time of the position. There will be no interface between LRIT and AIS. One of the more important distinctions between LRIT and AIS, apart from the obvious one of range, is that, whereas AIS is a broadcast system, data derived through LRIT will be available only to the recipients who are entitled to receive such information and safeguards concerning the confidentiality of those data have been built into the regulatory provisions. SOLAS Contracting Governments will be entitled to receive information about ships navigating within a distance not exceeding 1000 nautical miles off their coast.

The regulation foresees a phased-in implementation schedule for ships constructed before its expected entry into force date of 1 January 2008 and an exemption for ships operating exclusively in sea area A1 from the requirement to transmit LRIT information, since such ships are already fitted with AIS. It also identifies which authorities may have access to LRIT information. Also adopted were performance standards and functional requirements for LRIT and an MSC resolution on Arrangements for the timely establishment of the long range identification and tracking system. May 2006 amendments Adoption: May 2006 Entry into force: 1 July 2010 Amendments to SOLAS Chapter II-2 - Fire protection These include amendments relating to Regulation 9 - Containment of fire, so as to include a requirement for water-mist nozzles which should be tested and approved in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Organization; and in Regulation 15 - Arrangements for oil fuel, lubricating oil and other flammable oils, new text relating to the application of the regulation to ships constructed on or after 1 February 1992 and on or after 1 July 1998. Amendments to SOLAS Chapter III - Life-saving appliances and arrangements In Regulation 7 - Personal life-saving appliances, the amendments add a new requirement for infant lifejackets. For passenger ships on voyages of less than 24 hours, a number of infant lifejackets equal to at least 2.5% of the number of passengers on board is to be provided; and for passenger ships on voyages of 24 hours or greater, infant lifejackets are to be provided for each infant on board.

A further amendment relates to the provision of lifejackets for larger passengers and states that, if the adult lifejackets provided are not designed to fit persons with a chest girth of up to 1,750 mm, a sufficient number of suitable accessories are to be available on board to allow them to be secured to such persons. Amendments to SOLAS Chapter IV - Radiocommunications The amendments relate to the provision of radio equipment, in Regulation 7, to require ships to carry an EPIRB capable of transmitting a distress alert through the polar orbiting satellite service (COSPAS-SARSAT) operating in the 406 MHz band; and, in Regulations 9 and 10, to clarify that the means of initiating ship-to-shore distress alerts may be through the Inmarsat geostationary satellite service by a ship earth station. Amendments to SOLAS Chapter V - Safety of navigation The amendment adds a new paragraph to Regulation 22 - Navigation bridge visibility to allow ballast water exchange at sea, provided that the master has determined that it is safe to do so and takes into consideration any increased blind sectors or reduced horizontal fields of vision resulting from the operation to ensure that a proper lookout is maintained at all times.

The operation should be conducted in accordance with the ship's ballast water management plan, taking into account the recommendations on ballast water exchange. The commencement and termination of the operation should be recorded in the ship's record of navigational activities. Amendments to the International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS Code) The amendments replace the text of Chapter 5 Fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems with a revised text. Amendments to the International Life-Saving Appliance Code (LSA Code) The amendments include the requirement that all life saving appliances should withstand in stowage an air temperature range of 30°C to +65°C and personal life-saving appliances should remain operational throughout an air temperature range of -15°C to +40°C. The colour of life-saving appliances is now specified to be "of international or vivid reddish orange, or a comparably highly visible colour on all parts where this will assist detection at sea".

The existing section 2.2 on General requirements for lifejackets is revised and replaced. Further amendments relate to specifications for immersion suits and anti-exposure suits. Amendments to Guidelines for the authorization of organizations acting on behalf of the Administration (Resolution A.739(18)) The amendments to the guidelines, which are mandatory under SOLAS chapter XI-1, add a new paragraph 2-1 to require the use of only exclusive surveyors and auditors for surveys and certification, although radio surveys may be subcontracted to non-exclusive surveyors. December 2006 amendments Adoption: December 2006 Entry into force: 1 July 2008/1 July 2010 Revised passenger ship safety standards The package of amendments to SOLAS were the result of a comprehensive review of passenger ship safety initiated in 2000 with the aim of assessing whether the current regulations were adequate, in particular for the large passenger ships now being built. The work in developing the new and amended regulations has based its guiding philosophy on the dual premise that the regulatory framework should place more emphasis on the prevention of a casualty from occurring in the first place and that future passenger ships should be designed for improved survivability so that, in the event of a casualty, persons can stay safely on board as the ship proceeds to port. The amendments include new concepts such as the incorporation of criteria for the casualty threshold (the amount of damage a ship is able to withstand, according to the design basis, and still safely return to port) into SOLAS chapters II-1 and II-2.

The amendments also provide regulatory flexibility so that ship designers can meet any safety challenges the future may bring. The amendments include: . alternative designs and arrangements; . safe areas and the essential systems to be maintained while a ship proceeds to port after a casualty, which will require redundancy of propulsion and other essential systems; . on-board safety centres, from where safety systems can be controlled, operated and monitored; . fixed fire detection and alarm systems, including requirements for fire detectors and manually operated call points to be capable of being remotely and individually identified; . fire prevention, including amendments aimed at enhancing the fire safety of atriums, the means of escape in case of fire and ventilation systems; and time for orderly evacuation and abandonment, including requirements for the essential systems that must remain operational in case any one main vertical zone is unserviceable due to fire. The amendments are expected to enter into force on 1 July 2010. Fire regulations on balconies Amendments to SOLAS chapter II-2 and to the International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS Code) to strengthen the fire protection arrangements in relation to cabin balconies on passenger vessels were developed in response to the fire aboard the cruise ship Star Princess, while on passage between Grand Cayman and Montego Bay, Jamaica, in March 2006. The fire began on an external balcony and spread over several decks.

The amendments to SOLAS chapter II-2 are aimed at ensuring that existing regulations 4.4 (Primary deck coverings), 5.3.1.2 (Ceilings and linings), 5.3.2 (Use of combustible materials) and 6 (Smoke generation potential and toxicity) are also applied to cabin balconies on new passenger ships. For existing passenger ships, relevant provisions require that furniture on cabin balconies be of restricted fire risk unless fixed water spraying systems, fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems are fitted and that partitions separating balconies be constructed of non combustible materials, similar to the provisions for new passenger ships. The amendments are expected to enter into force on 1 July 2008. Prevention of accidents involving lifeboats An amendment to SOLAS regulation III/19.3.3.4 concerns provisions for the launch of free-fall lifeboats during abandon-ship drills.

The amendment will allow, during the abandon-ship drill, for the lifeboat to either be free-fall launched with only the required operating crew on board, or lowered into the water by means of the secondary means of launching without the operating crew on board, and then manoeuvred in the water by the operating crew. The aim is to prevent accidents with lifeboats occurring during abandon-ship drills. The amendment is expected to enter into force on 1 July 2008. Protective coatings Amendments to SOLAS regulations II-1/3-2 make mandatory Performance standard for protective coatings of dedicated seawater ballast tanks on all new ships and of double-side skin spaces of bulk carriers. The SOLAS amendments are expected to enter into force on 1 July 2008 and the performance standard will apply to ships for which the building contract is placed on or after 1 July 2008; or, in the absence of a building contract, the keels of which are laid on or after 1 January 2009, or the delivery of which is on or after 1 July 2012. Other amendments . amendments to the FSS Code relating to fire extinguishers, specifically portable foam applicators; fixed foam fire-extinguishing systems; fixed-pressure water-spraying and water-mist fire-extinguishing systems, fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems for cabin balconies.

Entry into force on 1 July 2008. . amendments to the International Life-Saving Appliance Code (LSA Code), including those related to life rafts, life boats and rescue boats, particularly in relation to stowage and release mechanisms. Entry into force on 1 July 2008. . amendments to the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code), relating to fire protection and fire extinction, and the revised chapters 17 (Summary of minimum requirements), 18 (List of products to which the code does not apply) and 19 (Index of Products Carried in Bulk). Entry into force on 1 January 2009. amendments to the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code), to update the references to SOLAS regulations and to add two more chemicals to the list of products in chapter 19 (Summary of minimum requirements). Entry into force on 1 July 2008. . amendments to the International Codes of Safety for High-Speed Craft (1994 HSC Code and the 2000 HSC Code), to update them in line with relevant SOLAS amendments and, in the case of the 2000 HSC Code, to revise requirements relating to testing and calculations for buoyancy, stability and subdivision.

Entry into force on 1 July 2008. amendments to the Protocol of 1988, relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, to include in the Record of equipment for the relevant safety certificate an entry regarding the long-range identification and tracking system. Entry into force on 1 July 2008. . amendments to the Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, including amendments of a reference in regulation 22 (Scuppers, inlets and discharges) and an amendment in regulation 39 (Minimum bow height and reserve buoyancy). Entry into force on 1 July 2008. amendments to the Dynamically Supported Craft (DSC) Code to update it in line with relevant amendments to SOLAS. Will become effective on 1 July 2008. . amendments to the Gas Carrier (GC) Code, to update it in line with certain fire safety requirements in SOLAS. Will become effective on 1 July 2008. amendments to the Revised recommendation on testing of life-saving appliances (resolution MSC.81(70)), including revisions to prototype tests for lifebuoys, lifejackets, immersion suits, anti-exposure suits and thermal protective aids, liferafts, lifeboats, rescue boats and fast rescue boats, launching and embarkation appliances, position-indicating lights for life-saving appliances and hydrostatic release units; and revisions to production and installation tests for survival craft, launching and stowage arrangements.

The amendments will become effective on 1 July 2008. First-aid kit basics A first-aid kit contains emergency supplies and medication for unexpected minor illnesses or accidents. While it is vital for people who suffer from a chronic disease or condition to take their medication with them at all times, it is also a good idea for everyone to keep a first-aid kit in the home or car, or take one with them on holiday in case of emergencies. If going abroad, talk to your doctor before leaving about arrangements for vaccinations or special medication such as malaria tablets. Although it is possible to buy additional items for your first aid kit when you are abroad, it is a good safeguard to purchase extra supplies and medication before your departure. Emergency situations occur unexpectedly and you may find yourself unable to obtain essential items just when you need them most. Remember that medicines suitable for adults are not always suitable for children as well. Always read the label to check who can take the medicines in your first-aid kit, and at what dose. Motion sickness Medication to prevent motion sickness caused by car, air or sea travel can be bought over the counter without prescription.

If necessary, this should be taken before starting a journey. Diarrhoea, irregular bowel movements or indigestion It is a good idea to be prepared for diarrhoea. Medication to treat it is available both on prescription or over the counter at your local pharmacy. If diarrhoea or vomiting occur despite these precautions you will need to make sure the patient gets enough liquid. This is especially important where children are concerned. Cola drinks are particularly helpful since they replace essential salt and sugar as well as provide a source of liquid, but a first-aid kit should also contain a rehydration medicine (a powder or large tablet that is dissolved in clean water, for example Dioralyte) to prevent dehydration. Many people get constipation when travelling.

A mild laxative, available from a pharmacy, usually relieves most symptoms. For people who suffer from indigestion or heartburn when eating spicy food, it is a good idea to keep a supply of antacid preparation in the first-aid kit. Pain relievers Aspirin (eg Aspro clear), paracetamol (eg Panadol) or ibuprofen (eg Nurofen) can be bought over the counter. They come in different forms including soluble tablets, ordinary tablets or suppositories, and can relieve headache, muscle pain, toothache and period pain. Aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years of age, unless on the advice of a doctor. Fever Fever is most commonly caused by viruses that cannot be treated with antibiotics. Even though antibiotics can be bought in some countries without a prescription, they should be avoided. If antibiotics are necessary, a GP should be consulted. A doctor will be able to prescribe the appropriate antibiotics or other medication. Sunburn A sunblock to be applied prior to exposure to the sun should always be included in a first-aid kit, along with cream and lotion for use after sunbathing.

The pharmacist should be consulted as to the appropriate screening (SPF-sun protection factor) level. Insect bites Antihistamines and soothing lotions such as calamine are effective at controlling the itching of insect bites or stings. Cuts and grazes The following items are all useful for treating minor cuts and grazes: * sticking plasters * cotton wool * safety pins * a gauze bandage and supportive bandages * antiseptic lotion or saline to clean wounds. Do I need to take everything wherever I go? There is no need to take everything with you. Indeed, a longer trip might require more supplies than a shorter one. Buy products in small sizes that fit easily into your luggage. Remember that all drugs have a 'use by' date and should be thrown away after they have expired. Let the experts help you prepare a first aid kit. Our goal is simple: offer the most complete, highest value line of the first aid kits in the industry to American families and businesses. Price comparisons of shopping for individual items at retail show that items can cost over 30%-50% more than purchasing our kits. Safe Situations Don't Just Happen Prevention is cheap, quick and easy. Whether it is your home, school, office or car, we have a first aid kit or emergency supply product to keep you safe. After all, that's our job. Put your safety in the hands of the specialists. Description: This lesson plan teaches children about the contents of a First Aid Kit and each item's use.

Goals: The goal of this lesson is to have students demonstrate their ability to access valid health information and health promoting products. It will make students aware of how to deal with emergency situations and what products to use. Objectives: Students will: 1. become more aware of the contents and uses of a First Aid Kit. 2. identify common items found in a First Aid Kit by working in small groups. 3. identify situations in which it is appropriate to use items in a First Aid Kit. Materials: a number of First Aid Kits and a variety of other materials to use in the lesson (these will be used as fillers for one of the activities) Procedure: Trigger Activity: Split students into groups of 4-6. Have them brainstorm items that they think they would find in a First Aid Kit. Then ask for some examples and write them on the board. Main Activities: Activity #1: Introduce students to items in a First Aid Kit by actually showing them one. Run through the names of each item and what each item is used for. Activity #2: Have the students split back into their groups. You need a First Aid Kit for each group. Uncover a desk for each group, on it will be the contents of a First Aid Kit along with some other items. The students must sort through these materials and find all items that belong in a First Aid Kit and put them in the Kit. Activity #3: Now each group will identify each item's specific use. Each group will have a stack of note cards with scenarios on them.

From these scenarios, they must decide which item(s) from their First Aid Kit they would use. They should place the item with the note card. Example: One of your friends cuts their leg and it begins to bleed. You need to help them clean the wound. What do you need to use, from the First Aid Kit, to protect yourself from the blood? Answer: Rubber Gloves Closure: Students will now look at their original list that they constructed during the Trigger Activity. Have the students compare and contrast their list to the actual contents of a First Aid Kit based on what they now know. This can be done through a class discussion. Assessment: 1. Each group should compile a First Aid Kit.

Teacher will walk around the room to evaluate each group. 2. Each group should correctly match the items in a First Aid Kit with their uses. Teacher will walk around the room to evaluate each group. 3. Each member of the class should contribute to the discussion. They should compare their original thoughts to what they learned. This will be based on teacher observations. Blood pressure monitors, first aid kits and more... Welcome to the First Aid Warehouse! First Aid Warehouse, is the UK's premier supplier of medical equipment and accessories. First Aid Warehouse, is the one-stop shop for high quality, great value First Aid Kits, Blood Pressure Monitors, and First Aid Equipment and Medical Supplies for medical professionals and the care industry and the general public:

First Aid Kits First Aid Warehouse supply kits for home, travel, outdoor sports as well as HSE approved kits for the workplace and catering industry. First Aid Warehouse provide top quality products at low prices. * Workplace First Aid Kit * Catering First Aid Kit * Travel First Aid Kit * Sports First Aid Kit * Outdoor First Aid Kit * Active Range First Aid Kit * Burns First Aid Kit * Refill for First Aid Kit All Workplace First Aid Kits comply with the Health and Safety First Aid Regulations 1981. Blood Pressure Monitors It is essential that the blood pressure monitor you use has been clinically approved. Many of the blood pressure monitors that we supply at the First Aid Warehouse are clinically validated. This means the procedures used for the evaluation of accuracy of a blood pressure monitor has been approved by independent bodies, such as the British Hypertension Society and the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. * Omron blood pressure monitors * A&D blood pressure monitors * Microlife blood pressure monitors We also supply a full range of First Aid Equipment, Diagnostic Sets, Pharmaceuticals, Eye Care , Plasters and Dressings . If you cannot find what you are looking for, please try our site map for a quick and easy shop. We offer an excellent service, accept all major credit cards and offer a no-quibble returns policy. Our site is verified by thawte as being secure. If you prefer to speak to someone directly please call our customer services team on 0845 6121217. Affiliate Opportunities - First Aid Warehouse offer a superb affiliate scheme - click here to find out more. First Aid Warehouse is the UK's premier supplier of medical equipment and accessories. , is the one-stop shop for high quality, great value, and and for medical professionals and the care industry and the general public: - First Aid Warehouse offer a superb affiliate scheme - to find out more. Are you looking for medical advice? Use our medical advice centre to find the solution to your problem.

We supply first aid kits and medical equipment for: We live in a vulnerable world where it.s likely that we . or someone we know . will be affected by an emergency event. Emergencies often come when we least expect it. What.s more, many of us do not think to prepare our financial interests in advance. The Emergency Financial First Aid Kit (EFFAK) is here to help. The EFFAK is a simple tool designed to assist you and your family in maintaining financial stability in the event of an emergency. EFFAK helps identify and organize key financial records and provides a quick reference file for your most important financial documents. One kit per household is recommended, although in the event one kit is used for a couple, all joint and separate accounts and liabilities should be included. Stainless steel blade is safely housed in a plastic casing to prevent accidental injury A 2 pack, with case, of flashing beacons that provide a safe and effective alternative to pyrotechnic or chemical flares.

Micro-Blaze Emergency Liquid Spill Control is a bioremediation and spill control product that not only eliminates flammability of hydrocarbons, but also breaks down, degrades and digests the waste Survival Kits designed to provide the necessities of First Aid, Water, Heat/Warmth and Light This bag is smaller and carries items specific to smaller patients. Quicker access to exact equipment means quicker response to pediatric emergencies Survival Kits designed to provide the necessities of First Aid, Water, Heat/Warmth and Light Scotchlite. fluorescent band with reflective silver stripe for maximum night visibility. Custom armbands available with minimum order quantities. with a BFE index of 99.9%. 99.9% BFE (Bacteria Filtration Efficiency). Adjustable nose strip confroms to all face shapes Auto - First Aid Kit Complete with medical gloves in a cordura belt/key chain.

Slim, durable pouch with fast-stick closures, belt loop, and metal key chain ring Heavy Duty slippers feature stretch construction for convenience with sewn seams for added durability Helps reduce the risk of cross contamination and transference of viruses and bacteria between the victim and rescuer in situations where mouth-to-mouth assistance is required Dual scale (Centigrade and Fahrenheit) thermometer Packaged in a protective plastic case Universal CPR Pocket Ventilator, with Headstrap in Zippered Belt Pouch with 2 Pairs of Vinyl Gloves and 1 Hand Antimicrobial Wipe Large size face shield manufactures from soft, durable bio-filter material. Does not compromise air permeability or require excessive breathing effort one way isolation valve with built in patient expiratory port and a semi transparent face shield Use these super absorbent materials to help keep your employees and the public safe, as well as, in compliance with the many regulations for packaging and transportation of diagnostic specimens, biological materials, and other dangerous goods.

Precaution kit for the safe and convenient clean up, removal, and disposal of potentially infectious body fluid spills, including blood, vomit, urine, and feces - Minimizes the risk of cross contamination, controls mold and mildew, and neutralizes odours Polypropylene bottle with a protective plastic pump top and hinged cover is the only device of it's type that meets all of the established criteria for immobilizing a seated patient The patient is secured in the Half-Sked with sewn-in two inch webbing straps with fastex style double adjustable buckles, and patients can be extricated from the tightest of confined spaces Absorbs and encapsulates potentially hazardous body fluid spills; including blood, vomit, urine and feces - Ideal for industrial/commercial facilities, hospitals, nursing homes, schools, transportation vehicles, correctional facilities, laboratories, medical and dental offices, police departments, clinics and hotels Anatomy of a First Aid Kit A well-stocked first aid kit is a handy thing to have. To be prepared for emergencies, keep a first aid kit in your home and in your car.

Carry a first aid kit with you or know where you can find one. Find out the location of first aid kits where you work. First aid kits come in many shapes and sizes. You can purchase one from the RedCross.org store or your local American Red Cross chapter. Your local drug store may sell them. You may also make your own. Some kits are designed for specific activities, such as hiking, camping or boating. Whether you buy a first aid kit or put one together, make sure it has all the items you may need. Include any personal items such as medications and emergency phone numbers or other items your health-care provider may suggest. Check the kit regularly. Make sure the flashlight batteries work. Check expiration dates and replace any used or out-of-date contents. The Red Cross recommends that all first aid kits for a family of four include the following: * 2 absorbent compress dressings (5 x 9 inches) * 25 adhesive bandages (assorted sizes) * 1 adhesive cloth tape (10 yards x 1 inch) * 5 antibiotic ointment packets (approximately 1 gram) * 5 antiseptic wipe packets * 2 packets of aspirin (81 mg each) * 1 blanket (space blanket) * 1 breathing barrier (with one-way valve) * 1 instant cold compress * 2 pair of nonlatex gloves (size: large) * 2 hydrocortisone ointment packets (approximately 1 gram each) * Scissors * 1 roller bandage (3 inches wide) * 1 roller bandage (4 inches wide) * 5 sterile gauze pads (3 x 3 inches) * 5 sterile gauze pads (4 x 4 inches) * Oral thermometer (non-mercury/nonglass) * 2 triangular bandages * Tweezers * First aid instruction booklet Classification: Designed for the Galley, Engine room or wheelhouse for basic First Aid situations Description: A basic emergency kit, that complies to MCA Class C regulations MSN 1768 (M+F). Components . Provided in a clip-sealed, durable, storage box . A basic range of medical supplies Contents . Sterile Bandages, Dressings & Tape . Elastic adhesive dressings . Sterile eye pads . Sterile gauze swabs . Gloves . Resuscitation face shield . Triangular bandages . Rust proof Safety pins . Sterile eye wash solution A basic emergency kit, that complies to MCA Class C regulations MSN 1768 (M+F).

Designed for use on smaller boats and/or tenders that do not go far from shore or the mother ship, stay exclusively in inshore waters, and return to homeport/mothership at night and/or for travel up to 1hr (60min) from medical care. Classification: Designed for use on smaller boats and/or tenders that do not go far from shore or the mother ship, stay exclusively in inshore waters, and return to homeport/mothership at night and/or for travel up to 1hr (60min) from medical care. Description: A basic emergency kit, that complies to MCA Class C regulations MSN 1768 (M+F). Components . Provided in a sealed, durable, waterproof pouch . A basic range of medical supplies and medications . Waterproof instructions Contents . Bandages, Dressings & Tape . Burn Cream & Dressings . Wound Closures . Equipment: . Scissors, gloves . Resuscitation Pocket mask . Space Blanket . Triangular bandages . Splints . wrist & finger . Medications: . Paracetemol . Painkillers . Angina spray . Anti-diarrhoeal treatment . Sea-sickness tablets To be stored in the Life-raft Designed for use on smaller boats and/or tenders that do not go far from shore or the mother ship, stay exclusively in inshore waters, and return to homeport/mothership at night and/or for travel up to 1hr (60min) from medical care. Classification: Designed for use on smaller boats and/or tenders that do not go far from shore or the mother ship, stay exclusively in inshore waters, and return to homeport/mothership at night and/or for travel up to 1hr (60min) from medical care.

Dimensions: Grab Bag Traveler.s First Aid Kit Taking a trip? Whether you drive across the country, cruise the ocean, or fly overseas, the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) wishes you a safe and healthy trip, and recommends that you prepare a Traveler.s First Aid Kit to help you respond to common medical emergencies. Emergency physicians also recommend that you take a first aid class, learn CPR, and always seek immediate medical attention when you need it. Before any foreign travel, always check with your physician and travel clinic or public health department about any immunizations and medical documentation you will need, specific to the area you are traveling. For the kit itself, use a tote bag because it can hold all the items you need and is easy to carry. Never store it in luggage . put it in your carryon bag, and always keep it with you. Before You Leave Visit your physician. Ask for a medical summary listing of any medical problems, operations, allergies, as well as a copy of your most recent EKG. Have any TB skin test results recorded by your physician. If you wear corrective lenses, take an extra pair on your trip, and carry your lens prescription with you. Make a list of any medications you are taking, using both generic and brand names, and be sure to pack enough medication for your trip (at least 50 percent more than you think you might need). Check your medical insurance policy and health plan for coverage of illnesses or accidents outside the United States, as well as how to get medical attention and return home if you become ill. If you are traveling on board a cruise ship, ask what medical staff and equipment are available in case of an emergency. ACEP suggests the following items for a Travelers.

First Aid Kit. Include other items as recommended by your physician. Kit Contents . Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and Aspirin Tablets: To relieve headaches, pain, fever, and simple sprains or strains of the body. Have at least two aspirin tablets available at all times in case of heart attack, although use as recommended by your physician. Use appropriate dosages, and make sure the medicine is age appropriate. (Aspirin should not be used to relieve flu symptoms or be given to children.) . Antihistamine: To relieve allergies and inflammation. Use appropriate dosages, and make sure the medicine is age appropriate. . Antinausea/Motion Sickness Medication. . Bandages of Assorted Sizes: To cover minor cuts and scrapes. . Bandage Closures (One-Fourth and One-Inch Sizes): To tape edges of minor cuts together. . Triangular Bandage: To wrap injuries and make an arm sling. . Elastic Wraps: To wrap wrist, ankle, knee, and elbow injuries. . Gauze in Rolls and Two-Inch and Four-Inch Pads:

To dress larger cuts and scrapes. . Adhesive Tape: To keep gauze in place. . Sharp Scissors with Rounded Tips: To cut tape, gauze, or clothes. . Safety Pins: To fasten splints and bandages. . Antiseptic Wipes: To disinfect wounds or clean hands, tweezers, scissors, and thermometer. . Antibiotic Ointment: To prevent infection in burns, cuts, and scrapes. . Hydrogen Peroxide: To disinfect and clean wounds. . Disposable, Instant-Activating Cold Packs: For cooling injuries and burns. . Tweezers: To remove small splinters, foreign objects, bee stingers, and ticks from the skin (see first aid manual for proper removal of ticks). . Rubber Gloves: To protect hands and reduce risk of infection when treating open wounds. . Thermometer with Case: To take temperatures. For babies under age 1, use a rectal thermometer. . Petroleum Jelly: To lubricate a rectal thermometer.

Calamine Lotion: To relieve itching and irritation from insect bites and stings and poison ivy. . Hydrocortisone Cream: To relieve irritation from rashes. . Sunscreen: SPF 15 or higher, broad-spectrum. . Insect Repellent: Repellents appropriate for use on children should contain no more than 10-15 percent DEET and 20-30 percent DEET for adults, because the chemical, which is absorbed through the skin, can cause harm. Use as directed. . Change for pay phone. Remember to follow the same precautions for medicines in your Traveler.s First Aid Kit as with any medicine. Use as recommended by your physician, and make sure children cannot get them . always use child safety caps. Check expiration dates, and throw away any expired medicines. If someone in your household has a life-threatening allergy, carry appropriate medication with you at all times. For more health and safety tips, visit ACEP.s web site at www.acep.org. The American College of Emergency Physicians is a medical specialty association of more than 20,000 emergency physicians. ACEP is dedicated to improving emergency care through continuing education, research, and public education. Headquartered in Dallas, Texas, ACEP has 53 chapters representing each state as well as Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, and Government Services. Avoid Travelers. Diarrhea: Dos . Wash your hands frequently and always before eating.

Eat items that require little handling in preparation. . Eat only well-cooked and hot foods. If eating at a buffet, eat early before foods cool, or insects arrive. . Eat only fresh fruits and vegetables you have peeled or seen prepared in front of you. . Drink hot beverages, such as coffee or tea. . Drink bottled water or name brand carbonated beverages. . Wipe off any bottle before drinking or pouring. . Tie a colored ribbon around the bathroom faucet as a reminder not to drink the tap water. Don.ts . Never drink tap water. Don.t brush your teeth with tap water. . Never drink fresh water or standing water. . Avoid bottled water not opened in front of you. . Avoid ice cubes. If you must have a cool drink, place ice cubes in a small, clean, leakproof bag and place the bag in your drink. Carry bags with you. . Avoid food from street vendors. . Avoid shellfish, any uncooked seafood, or raw meat. . Avoid uncooked vegetables.

Avoid salads. You should consider buying a prepackaged first aid kit or you can make your own for use at home and when traveling in case of emergencies, being sure to include the following emergency supply items: * bandage supplies, including a roll of 3 inch wide gauze, individually packaged 4 inch sterile gauze pads, a roll of 1 inch bandage tape, butterfly bandage tape, and scissors. * elastic bandages * cotton swabs * sterile dressings or towels * pain reliever (acetaminophen or ibuprofen) * anti-inflammatory medicine (ibuprofen) * ipecac syrup (for use on advice of medical professional to induce vomiting) * tweezers * hydrogen peroxide * skin creams, including hydrocortisone cream, calamine lotion and antibiotic creams * an antihistamine (diphenhydramine for allergic reactions) * flashlight * eyepatch * arm sling * tongue depressors (to be used as a finger splint) * ice pack * rehydration fluids (such as Pedialyte or Infalyte)

Be prepared by knowing your local poison center's phone number and keep it posted with a list of emergency numbers by your phone and with your first aid kit.

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In any emergency a family member or you yourself may be cut, burned or suffer other injuries. If you have these basic supplies you are better prepared to help your loved ones when they are hurt. Remember, many injuries are not life threatening and do not require immediate medical attention. Knowing how to treat minor injuries can make a difference in an emergency. Consider taking a first aid class, but simply having the following things can help you stop bleeding, prevent infection and assist in decontamination.

Things it may be good to have:

Non-prescription drugs:

A well-stocked first-aid kit, kept within easy reach, is a necessity in every home. Having supplies gathered ahead of time will help you handle an emergency at a moment's notice. You should keep one first-aid kit in your home and one in each car. Also be sure to bring a first-aid kit on family vacations.

Include the following in each of your first-aid kits:

After you've stocked your first-aid kits:

Read the entire first-aid manual so you'll understand how to use the contents of your kits. (If your children are old enough to understand, review the manuals with them as well.)
Store first-aid kits in places that are out of children's reach but easily accessible for adults.
Check the kits regularly. Replace missing items or medicines that may have expired.

Anatomy of a First Aid Kit

A well-stocked first aid kit is a handy thing to have. To be prepared for emergencies, keep a first aid kit in your home and in your car. Carry a first aid kit with you or know where you can find one. Find out the location of first aid kits where you work. First aid kits come in many shapes and sizes. You can purchase one from the RedCross.org store or your local American Red Cross chapter. Your local drug store may sell them.

You may also make your own. Some kits are designed for specific activities, such as hiking, camping or boating. Whether you buy a first aid kit or put one together, make sure it has all the items you may need. Include any personal items such as medications and emergency phone numbers or other items your health-care provider may suggest. Check the kit regularly. Make sure the flashlight batteries work. Check expiration dates and replace any used or out-of-date contents. The Red Cross recommends that all first aid kits for a family of four include the following:

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Our goal is simple: offer the most complete, highest value first aid line in the industry to families and businesses. Whether you are looking for a simple first aid kit to keep in your glove compartment or for a complete first aid cabinet to service your factory floor, you can be sure that First Aid Product.com has something that will suit your needs.

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firstaidpak.com is designed to be reliably informative, as well as provide users with the best in the latest first aid products. Our product line ranges from adaptable medical travel paks to hard to find specialty items such as ICE TAPE Safety, First Aid, Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Response Products.

First Aid By The NumbersR is a system. The design is driven by the problem at hand. If you have a burn you go to a burn module. If you have a cut, you go to the cut module. Then go to the same numbered chapter in the manual to solve the problem. If you have a burn you go to the burn chapter.If you have a cut, go to the cut chapter.

First Aid By The NumbersR is the combination of an up-to-date-manual with organized state-of-the-art-supplies and equipment. The user-friendly manual is organized into problem labeled, color-coded, numbered chapters exactly corresponding to the modules within the PAK. The contents of each module and suggested usage of a module item is described in "layman's" language in each chapter. Unlike ANY other first aid kit in the world, THIS system allows the user to go from module to manual utilizing the contents, solving the problem at hand, without disturbing the remaining contents. NO STRESS!.

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Since 1995, we continue as the pre-eminent online company customizing and selling safety, first aid and emergency response products. Around the corner or around the world, thousands rely on SafetyStore.com. Whether you are a large or small business, single person or growing family or a government agency, we can help you be better prepared.Be prepared for hurricane season with SafetyStore.com - Emergency Preparedness, First Aid, Emergency Supplies and more" title="Be prepared for hurricane season with SafetyStore.com - Emergency Preparedness, First Aid, Emergency Supplies and more"

The days of riding out a storm because you might have survived a worst storm in the past are over. Every family in the Gulf and Atlantic seaboard must make sure you have the following:

- A good quality Personal First Aid Kit
- Emergency food that does not require heating or extra preparation for 3-5 days
- Store water for 3-5 days (3 gallons person per day). View Family Preparedness Kits
- If you have to evacuate to a shelter or higher ground you should try to take a minimum of 3 days of food and water with you. (And a minimum of 1 gallon of water per person per day)
- Lighting: No flammable lamps. Have a flashlight and three sets of replacement batteries. Chemical lightsticks (12-hour)
- Shelter items blankets or sleeping bags, a tarp, toilet paper, toiletries, soap, towel etc. tableware.

If you go to a shelter, remember no alcohol, or weapons allowed. There are no exceptions to this rule.

Good News, Pets can be sheltered with the local SPCA free for 14-30 days. These pet shelter are sometimes set up next door to people shelters. No pets are allowed in the disaster shelters; its too stressful on pets and also not allowed by any Health Departments or Red Cross. There are no exceptions to this rule.

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First Aid Kits are our specialty. We offer a comprehensive selection of Industrial, Specialty, Travel, EMT/Responder and Sports Kits to treat a wide variety of workplace, travel, outdoor and home emergencies.

In addition, we offer a large selection of quality wound care, medicinal, protective, and other first aid products for medical departments, homes, healthcare professionals, businesses, and individuals.

Use the tabs below to browse each category for the products you need. If you don't see what you want, or if you have questions about any of the products, contact us and we will do our best to assist you.

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First Aid Pak Inc. makes First Aid Kits with the unique trademarked "First Aid By The Numbers" modular system.

From the Day Pak to the Trans-Ocean Pak, your First Aid needs will be covered whether you are a crew of 4, a crew of 12, or anywhere in between. What's more, the color-coded system which corresponds to the First Aid Manual makes it easy to respond to your First Aid needs whether you are hours away or weeks away from medical help.
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Mountain Rescue First Aid Pack - Rugged military M.O.L.L.E. pack cloth and features an easy adjust suspension system with a unique removable lower bag that makes into a fanny pack for attending to minor medical emergencies or for storage of trauma or frist response gear. Divided main compartment has two-way covered nylon self-repairing zipper. 10" x 10" x 4" attached pouch with cord-lock closure, compression straps, side M.O.L.L.E. attachment straps and metal drain hole. Bedroll straps, I.D. window, grab handle and lots of attachment points make this a useful rescue tool. Hold all your emergency medical gear in a handy, ready to go unit.

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Lifesystems Pocket First Aid Kit will provide effective relief from common injuries sustained in the outdoors.

The design and layout of this First Aid Pack ensures that weight and size are kept to a minimum, whilst the contents will satisfy the specific needs of your activity.

* First Aid Primary Care Guide
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Pocket First Aid Pack Lifesystems Pocket First Aid Kit will provide effective relief from common injuries sustained in the outdoors. The design and layout of this First Aid Pack ensures that weight and size are kept to a minimum, whilst the contents will satisfy the specific needs of your activity. First Aid Primary Care Guide Antiseptic Cleansing Tissues Antiseptic Cream Scissors Woven Bandage Safety Pins Various Dressings Pack Specifications Waterproof zips Ripstop fabric Belt loop attachment. Pocket First Aid Pack.

Part of the excitement of world travel is that it can take you to some pretty remote places. Some of these places may lack basic emergency first aid equipment. Doctors recommend that for adventure travel it is important to take sterile equipment and a well equipped first aid kit with you. Lifesystems Travel First Aid Kits provide the basic equipment you will need.
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Keep a first aid kit for your pet accessible at home or in your car when traveling. Gathering the necessary items ahead of time could help save your pet's life in an emergency. Get a durable, waterproof (or at least water-resistant) container that opens and closes easily yet securely. It should be large enough to hold the items mentioned below. Include bandage material, such as gauze pads, cotton gauze, adhesive tape and masking tape. Keep a bottle of hydrogen peroxide and anti-bacterial ointment or cream in the kit. Include diarrhea medication, but seek your veterinarian's approval before use. Be sure to pack a pair of scissors, plus tweezers or forceps. Add a few eyedroppers for dispensing liquid medication or for cleaning superficial wounds. Include syrup of ipecac to induce vomiting in the event your pet is poisoned. If your pet is poisoned, consult your veterinarian before inducing vomiting. Find activated charcoal at any health food store. This remedy is good for poisoning or diarrhea and controls flatulence resulting from any stomach or intestinal upset. Store blankets in the kit to keep your pet warm in extreme conditions. When traveling, call ahead to your destination to see if there are any particular dangers, such as snakes, poisonous plants or extreme heat, that you will need to consider when packing your first aid kit. Include the phone numbers of your pet's regular veterinarian and of a nearby emergency veterinary hospital.
How to Pack a First Aid Kit for Pets. Keep a first aid kit for your pet accessible at home or in your car when traveling.

The Life. Live it. first aid education pack for teachers has been launched across the country - making it easy for young people to learn life-saving skills

The resource has been specially designed to allow teachers without any knowledge of first aid to teach all key life-saving techniques.

And in an effort to reach thousands of children with some basic first aid knowledge, the British Red Cross has given 500 of the kits to schools for free. Every secondary school in the country will also receive a free CDROM sampler that includes two lessons, as well as all of the supporting resources and video clips.

The kit is for educators working with 11-14 year olds as part of the PHSE curriculum, and includes an interactive CD ROM with step-by-step guidance and video clips of all the key techniques.

Joe Mulligan, head of first aid at the British Red Cross, said: "We want to enable schools to teach first aid. The basics can be easily taught and don't take young people long to learn. That's why we've produced a resource that is so flexible and includes step-by-step guidance for those without any knowledge of the subject.

"On average three million people attend A&E with injuries that could have been helped with first aid. We know simple skills such as knowing how to open an airway or control a bleed can be vital after an accident or injury."

An online forum is being hosted by the Red Cross and Yahoo Groups to enable educators delivering first aid education to share tips and best practice. The Red Cross is also running a forum for students, moderated by other young people, to allow them to discuss their experiences of learning and using first aid.